Zhu Jidong: Three Stages and Characteristics of the Research on Mao Zedong Thought in New China

Editor's note: Over the past 70 years since the founding of New China, the study of Mao Zedong Thought as a whole can be divided into three stages: the establishment of New China to the death of Mao Zedong, this stage mainly focuses on the official study, publicity, and practice of Mao Zedong Thought; "Cultural Revolution" Before the end of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, during this period, the official and academic circles had a benign interaction, but there were also some twists and turns, which was to deepen the research in the differences; in the new era, we are striving to usher in a new spring of Mao Zedong Thought research. , Mao Zedong's evaluation is more objective, scientific and fair.

 For more than 70 years since the founding of New China, the study of Mao Zedong Thought is a major event in the political life of the party and the country, and it is also one of the focuses of the ideological and theoretical circles. From the establishment of New China to the death of Mao Zedong, this stage was mainly based on the official study, propaganda and practice of Mao Zedong Thought. From the end of the "Cultural Revolution" to the period before the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the official and academic circles had a benign interaction, but there were also some twists and turns. In the new era, all parties have worked hard to usher in a new spring of Mao Zedong Thought research. The study of Mao Zedong Thought as a whole can be divided into the above three stages. The study of Mao Zedong Thought is different from the academic research of other disciplines of philosophy and social sciences. In-depth study can find that the following main characteristics are presented as a whole.

First, the founding of New China to the death of Chairman Mao: learning, advocacy, practice Ze Mao  Zedong Thought

 At the beginning of the founding of New China, the entire party, the entire army, and the people of all ethnic groups across the country consciously adhered to Mao Zedong Thought. The understanding of Mao Zedong Thought during this period was mainly based on the definition of Mao Zedong Thought by the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the spirit of the "Resolution on Certain Historical Issues". At the same time, it was further deepened in conjunction with the great practice of socialist revolution and construction. In order to meet the eager expectations and urgent needs of the whole party, the whole army and the people of all ethnic groups in the country to actively study Mao Zedong’s works and consciously apply Mao Zedong Thought to the socialist revolution and construction, in the spring of 1950, the Party Central Committee decided to edit and publish the " The important matter of "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" was put into practice, and the Committee for Publication of Selected Works of Mao Zedong of the CPC Central Committee was established, with Liu Shaoqi as the director. The main members include not only Tian Jiaying and Hu Qiaomu, but also the consultant Eugene sent by Stalin and the Soviet embassy in China. Translated Federin and others, and immediately started work, planning to compile Mao Zedong's major works in the New Democracy period into four volumes, which will be published after Mao Zedong's approval. Among them, the first to be finalized were Mao Zedong's two famous philosophical works "On Practice" and "On Contradiction". On October 12, 1951, the first volume of "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" was officially released to the whole country. In the order of the year and month of the work, Mao Zedong’s articles during the First and Second Civil Revolutionary Wars since 1926 were included. 9 of them were not included in the Selected Works of Mao Zedong published before liberation. All selected articles have been reviewed by Mao Zedong himself, and some explanations and annotations have been made by the Publishing Committee of Selected Works of Mao Zedong of the CPC Central Committee.

 After the first volume of "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" was published, it was welcomed by the whole party, the whole army, and the people of all ethnic groups across the country, and everyone eagerly bought it. By 1953, the Uyghur, Kazakh, and Mongolian editions of the first volume of "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" were published one after another, satisfying the expectations of ethnic minority officials and the masses. Later, the second, third and fourth volumes of "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" were also published successively, and published "Selected Readings of Mao Zedong's Works (Type A)", "Selected Readings of Mao Zedong's Works (Type B)" and a series of separate editions. In addition, there are "Mao Zedong on Propaganda", "Mao Zedong on Investigation and Research", "Mao Zedong on Intellectuals", "Mao Zedong on Literature and Art", "Mao Zedong on Finance", "Mao Zedong on Commerce", "Mao Zedong on Forestry", and "Comrade Mao Zedong on Party Building" "Comrade Mao Zedong on the Party's Style and Organization", "Comrade Mao Zedong on Philosophy", "Comrade Mao Zedong on Marxist Philosophy", "Comrade Mao Zedong on Economy", "Comrade Mao Zedong on Political Work", "Comrade Mao Zedong on China's Foreign Policy", "Mao Zedong" "Comrades on War and Peace", "Comrade Mao Zedong on Educational Work", "Comrade Mao Zedong on Educational Revolution", "Comrade Mao Zedong on Youth and Youth Work" and other special topics were compiled and published. The publication of important documents represented by the first four volumes of "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" provides the best blueprint for studying, propagating, and practicing Mao Zedong Thought. The enthusiasm of the whole party, the whole army, and the people of all ethnic groups in the country to study Mao Zedong Thought has created A good atmosphere laid a very good foundation for the study of Mao Zedong Thought in New China. Coupled with the needs of the development of the party and the country, the country quickly set off an upsurge of studying Mao Zedong Thought, and the study of Mao Zedong Thought showed a thriving In this situation, the study of Mao Zedong Thought has ushered in a golden period.

 In this context, the new China quickly set off an upsurge in the study of Mao Zedong Thought. However, due to the background of the time and the needs of the socialist revolution and construction, while vigorously advancing the study of Mao Zedong Thought, the main purpose was to establish "using the proletarian cosmology as a tool to observe the country's destiny and to reconsider one's own problems". The popularization of large-scale interpretation and preaching of Mao Zedong Thought has become the focus, and the study, propaganda, and practice of Mao Zedong Thought have greatly exceeded academic theoretical research. In this period, in addition to Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai and other leading comrades of the Party Central Committee, who expounded on Mao Zedong Thought, the main ones who made achievements in theoretical research were Li Da, Ai Siqi, Hu Qiaomu, Li Weihan, Zhang Ruxin, etc. Representative works include Li Da's "On Practice" and "On Contradiction", two philosophical works written and published specifically for Mao Zedong's "On Practice" and "On Contradiction". Learned Mao Zedong Thought, Liu Liangmo's "Mao Zedong Thought Study Manual", Zhang Ruxin's "Comrade Mao Zedong's Contributions to Marxist Materialism" and "Comrade Mao Zedong's Contributions to Marxist Dialectics", Liao Gailong's "Learning from Comrade Mao Zedong's Socialist Revolution "The Thought", Chen Bojun's "Learning from Comrade Mao Zedong's Military Thought", Lin Mohan's "Hold the Banner of Mao Zedong's Literary Thought Higher", Lu Quyuan's "Learning of Mao Zedong's Educational Thought", etc. Among them, Li Da sent each chapter to Mao Zedong for review in the process of writing the two books "Explanation of "On Practice" and "Explanation of "On Contradiction". Mao Zedong was very satisfied with Li Da's explanation and wrote to him on March 27, 1951, to praise him: "This "Explanation" is excellent, and it has a great effect on the use of popular language to promote materialism." Ai Siqi not only wrote "Comrade Mao Zedong Developed the Theory of Truth" and "The Understanding and Application of Dialectics from the "On Contradiction". Articles such as "On Practice" and "On Contradiction" explain the basic ideas and theoretical contributions, and to cooperate with the Party Central Committee to study Mao Zedong's four philosophical works-"On Practice", "On Contradiction", and "On the correct handling of contradictions among the people" "And "Where do people's correct thoughts come from?"-the call for counseling reports inside and outside the Central Party School of the Communist Party of China, expounding the contribution and status of Mao Zedong's philosophy in the history of Marxist philosophy. Hu Qiaomu's first concise and groundbreaking history of the Communist Party of China, published in June 1951, "The Thirty Years of the Communist Party of China", was personally revised and approved by Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi. This book provides an in-depth and comprehensive further interpretation of Mao Zedong Thought. It not only discusses the historical process of how Mao Zedong successfully combined Marxism-Leninism with Chinese revolutionary practice, but also briefly introduces the historical background and ideological and theoretical value of Mao Zedong’s main representative works. And its great role, more systematically expounded the formation and development process of Mao Zedong Thought and its historical status and great significance, forming a relatively complete ideological and theoretical system. In addition, during his tenure as president of Wuhan University, Li Da personally presided over the work of the Mao Zedong Thought Research Office of the Department of Philosophy of Wuhan University, and made significant contributions to the in-depth study of Mao Zedong's philosophy. He himself became a representative figure in the study of Mao Zedong's philosophy. This period can be said to be a harvest period for the study of Mao Zedong Thought. There are both holistic research and sub-field research, especially the fruitful research results of Mao Zedong’s Philosophy Thought, coupled with many popular theoretical articles, which makes Mao Zedong Thought more and more popular. The more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, it is driving more and more people to learn and understand Mao Zedong Thought, believing and applying it. Upholding Mao Zedong Thought has become the ideological and action consciousness of the entire party, the entire army, and the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country. The fruitful results of ideological research, coupled with many popular theoretical articles, made Mao Zedong Thought more and more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and promoted more and more people to truly understand and use Mao Zedong Thought. Upholding Mao Zedong Thought has become the ideological and action consciousness of the entire party, the entire army, and the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country. The fruitful results of ideological research, coupled with many popular theoretical articles, made Mao Zedong Thought more and more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and promoted more and more people to truly understand and use Mao Zedong Thought. Upholding Mao Zedong Thought has become the ideological and action consciousness of the entire party, the entire army, and the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country.

 The study of Mao Zedong Thought during the "Cultural Revolution" was mainly political. Although the academic theory was not strong, it also provided us with an important reference for understanding that era and the thinking of that era. According to statistics, during the "Cultural Revolution", a total of 4.456 billion copies of Mao Zedong's works were published and distributed throughout the country, including more than 241 million "Selected Works of Mao Zedong", which greatly promoted the popularization of Mao Zedong Thought. The politicization of Mao Zedong Thought in this period dominated the mainstream, and most of the books and articles were published in the name of departments and units. There were not only holistic studies but also special studies in multiple fields, involving politics, philosophy, literature and art. , Education, party building, military and other fields.

2. The end of the "Cultural Revolution" and before the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China: deepen the study amid differences

 After the end of the "Cultural Revolution", especially after the denial of the "Two Whats", the domestic research on Mao Zedong Thought was led by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the Literature Research Office of the CPC Central Committee, and the Party History Research Office of the CPC Central Committee. Experts and scholars from social science research institutions, party schools, and colleges and universities promote research to gradually become academic and theoretical. In response to some controversies over Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought at that time, Deng Xiaoping not only suggested that “comrades doing theoretical work should spend a lot of effort to clarify the system of Mao Zedong Thought from various fields in addition to the compilation and publication of Mao Zedong's works.” On December 13, 1978, he pointed out in his speech at the closing meeting of the Central Working Conference of the Communist Party of China: "Recently, both the international and domestic are concerned about our evaluation of Comrade Mao Zedong and the "Cultural Revolution". Comrade Mao Zedong stood up in the long-term revolutionary struggle. His great feats are forever indelible. Recall that after the failure of the revolution in 1927, without the outstanding leadership of Comrade Mao Zedong, there is a great possibility that the Chinese revolution has not yet won. In that case, the people of all ethnic groups in China would still be in trouble. Under the reactionary rule of imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism, our party is still fighting in the dark. So it is not an exaggeration to say that without Chairman Mao there would be no New China. Mao Zedong Thought has nurtured us for a whole generation. The comrades present here can be said to have been taught by Mao Zedong Thought. Without Mao Zedong Thought, there would be no Communist Party of China today. This is not an exaggeration. Mao Zedong Thought will always belong to our whole party, army, and people of all ethnic groups. The most precious spiritual wealth." On October 25, 1980, in his conversation with the responsible comrades of the Central Committee, he emphasized when he said his views on drafting the "Resolution on Certain Historical Issues of the Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic": "The banner of Mao Zedong Thought must not be thrown away. To lose this banner actually denies the glorious history of our party." "The evaluation of Comrade Mao Zedong and the exposition of Mao Zedong Thought do not only involve Comrade Mao Zedong's personal issues, it is the same as ours. The entire history of the party and our country are inseparable.” Despite this, under the influence of some erroneous trends of thought, in the early stage of reform and opening up, the academic and theoretical circles in the study of Mao Zedong Thought were divided and even divergent and even opposed. While many experts and scholars have begun to further study Mao Zedong Thought from multiple fields and different angles, some people in the academic field have been stuck in the stage of reflection on previous studies of Mao Zedong Thought, and some people inside and outside the party colluded with each other. Attacking, discrediting, vilifying, denigrating and even denying Mao Zedong under the banners of "scientific evaluation" and "deep reflection", criticizing, distorting, and denying Mao Zedong Thought and Mao Zedong, showing the characteristics of increasingly extreme and historical nihilism, and even appearing "De-Maoization" and "De-Maoization" ideological trends have been flooded several times. Some attacks, slanders, vilifications, slander and even denial of Mao Zedong's books and articles were published, published and widely spread on the Internet. Some people blatantly attacked, discredited, vilified, vilified, or even denied Mao Zedong in public forums, conferences, and even lecture halls. They misinterpreted and denied Mao Zedong Thought, which caused a bad influence both inside and outside the party and planted many hidden dangers. Deeply analyzing the root causes of many problems in the ideological field since the reform and opening up, it is not difficult to find that the proliferation of "de-Maoization" and "De-Maoization" thoughts is one of the most important reasons, and there is still no small harm to this day.

 But in general, this period was to deepen the research amid differences, involving almost every aspect of the research on Mao Zedong Thought, and achieved relatively fruitful results. Among them, colleges and universities have become important positions for the study of Mao Zedong Thought, and some colleges and universities have begun to strengthen the study of Mao Zedong Thought, especially Mao Zedong's philosophy. The State Education Commission organized the compilation of "Introduction to Mao Zedong Thought" and other compiled textbooks. "Introduction to Mao Zedong Thought" and "The History of Mao Zedong Thought Development" became courses for undergraduates or graduate students and were welcomed. Some professors began to enroll master students and even a few doctoral students. Everyone agrees with Mao Zedong Thought from emotional identification, belief identification to theoretical identification. Professor Cang Nan of Xiangtan University was an outstanding representative of experts and scholars in Mao Zedong Thought during this period. He suggested to the school in 1978 that the philosophy major of Xiangtan University should enroll Mao Zedong's philosophical master's degree students, and in 1980, he took the lead in establishing the Mao Zedong Thought Research Office, a specialized institution for the study of Mao Zedong Thought. In 1983, he further proposed the "Mao Zedong Methodology", a highly innovative academic subject, and edited the book "Mao Zedong Methodology", which caused a great response after its publication. In 2001, he promoted the establishment of the Mao Zedong Thought Research Center in Xiangtan University. The center became a key research base for humanities and social sciences in universities of the Ministry of Education in 2004. In 2013, the Mao Zedong Thought Research Collaborative Innovation Center became the "2011 Collaborative Innovation Center" of the first batch of colleges and universities in Hunan Province. Under the guidance of Professor Cang Nan, Xiangtan University gathered a group of experts and scholars on Mao Zedong Thought, and became a banner of Mao Zedong Thought research nationwide. In addition, the Shaoshan Mao Zedong Memorial Hall and Shaoshan Mao Zedong Library under the Shaoshan Administration of Hunan Province not only provided a lot of valuable materials for the study of Mao Zedong Thought, but also cultivated and gathered a large number of experts and scholars on Mao Zedong Thought. Xiangtan became Mao Zedong. An important town for ideological research.

 During this period, in addition to the editing and publishing of the fifth volume of "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" (published in April 1977 and discontinued in 1982) and the revision and publication of the second edition of "Selected Works of Mao Zedong", under the correct guidance of the CPC Central Committee, Official research institutions represented by the Literature Research Office and the Party History Research Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China have published a large number of important documents on Mao Zedong Thought and Mao Zedong’s life, and promoted the continuous deepening of the study of Mao Zedong Thought and the study of Mao Zedong’s life. "Mao Zedong Chronicle (1893-1949)", "Mao Zedong Biography (1893-1949)", "Mao Zedong Biography (1949-1976)", "Mao Zedong Manuscripts Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China", etc. Among them, "The Collected Works of Mao Zedong" is another multi-volume comprehensive collection of Mao Zedong's works after the "Selected Works of Mao Zedong", which shows the scientific system of Mao Zedong Thought. The editing work began in 1992 and was completed in 1999. In 1993, Mao Zedong's 100th birthday The first and second volumes were published on the anniversary, the third, fourth, and fifth volumes were published on the 20th anniversary of Mao Zedong’s death in 1996, and the sixth, seventh and eighth volumes were published on July 1, 1999. A total of 803 selected manuscripts in eight volumes, including 504 during the democratic revolution and 299 during the socialist period, most of the works were published for the first time; The first, second and third volumes of "The Chronicles of Mao Zedong (1893-1949)", which was written in 1985 and published in 1993, is the first chronological work at home and abroad to describe in detail the development of Mao Zedong’s thoughts and life performance from 1893 to 1949. A large number of archival materials described Mao Zedong’s life activities in detail, and also reflected his scientific thought system from multiple aspects and angles, showing his thought development track, integrating information, academic and ideological characteristics, which is an understanding and An important reference book for studying Mao Zedong Thought, Mao Zedong's life, and the history of the Chinese Communist Party. The "Biography of Mao Zedong (1893-1949)" published by Jin Chong and editor-in-chief in 1996 and "The Biography of Mao Zedong (1949-1976)" published by Pang Xianzhi, Jin Chong and the editor-in-chief in 2003. Both the biographies of these two great men were approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. The Central Literature Research Office organized a lean force, based on the large number of files, manuscripts and meeting minutes kept by the Central Archives, and referred to the memories of people who had direct contact with Mao Zedong. Compiled, which produced a huge response in society. The "Manuscripts of Mao Zedong Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China" published from November 1987 to January 1998, contains 13 volumes and approximately 5 million words. The manuscripts of Mao Zedong between September 1949 and July 1976 (including articles , Instructions, instructions, speech outlines, comments, letters, poems, text added in paragraphs on documents, etc.), verified speeches and conversation transcripts, and verified other manuscripts issued in his name, and large Part of it has not been publicly published. It reflects Mao Zedong’s major international and domestic political activities as the main leader of the party and the country after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the problems he considered, and the policies and theoretical views that he formed from multiple perspectives. It records the glorious course of Mao Zedong leading New China to realize the transition from new democracy to socialism and exploring the building of a modern and powerful socialist country. The publication of these important documents provided rich and valuable data for the comprehensive, objective, scientific, and fair research and evaluation of Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thoughts during this period. It is still valuable data for the study of Mao Zedong Thought and Mao Zedong's life. Now we are transforming from new democracy to socialism, and exploring the glorious course of building a modern and powerful socialist country. The publication of these important documents provided rich and valuable data for the comprehensive, objective, scientific, and fair research and evaluation of Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thoughts during this period. It is still valuable data for the study of Mao Zedong Thought and Mao Zedong's life. Now we are transforming from new democracy to socialism, and exploring the glorious course of building a modern and powerful socialist country. The publication of these important documents provided rich and valuable data for the comprehensive, objective, scientific, and fair research and evaluation of Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thoughts during this period. It is still valuable data for the study of Mao Zedong Thought and Mao Zedong's life.

 In addition, there are "Early Manuscripts of Mao Zedong", "Collections of Mao Zedong Rural Surveys", "Collections of Mao Zedong's Military Essays", "Collections of Mao Zedong Literature and Art", "Selections of Mao Zedong News Work", "Selections of Mao Zedong Diplomacy", "Selections of Mao Zedong's Work in Tibet", "Selected Poems of Mao Zedong", and "Mao Zedong" On Literature and Art (Updated Edition), "Mao Zedong Philosophy Commentary Collection", "Mao Zedong Reading History and Ancient Books Criticism Collection", "Selected Letters of Mao Zedong", "Letters from Mao Zedong to Relatives and Friends in Shaoshan" and other thematic collections and the re-edited and published "Selected Readings of Mao Zedong's Works" and "Mao Zedong Thought Yearbook (1921-1975)" "Mao Zedong Thought Formation and Development Memorabilia", "Mao Zedong Reading Socialist Political Economics Comment and Talk", "Remember Mao Zedong" and other documents are also Mao Zedong in the new era. Thought research has provided a lot of important materials.

 During this period, the biographies, anthologies, essays, and chronicles of leading comrades such as Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Deng Xiaoping, Chen Yun, and Jiang Zemin were published, as well as "The History of the Communist Party of China (Volume 1)" and "The History of the Communist Party of China (Volume 2)" "Selected Works of Important Documents Since the Founding of the Party (1921-1949)", "Selected Works of Important Documents Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China (1949-1965)", "Seventy Years of the Communist Party of China", "Manuscripts of the People's Republic of China", "Selected Materials for Foreign Studies of Mao Zedong Thought", etc. The successive publication of documents and materials, together with the publication of some memoir works by Mao Zedong's staff, have provided more abundant and precious materials for the study of Mao Zedong Thought and Mao Zedong's life in this period.

 The publication of a large number of documents has provided extremely rich resources for further deepening the study of Mao Zedong Thought, and has also promoted the emergence of many outstanding achievements in the academic and theoretical circles. Among them, the "Great Man Mao Zedong" series edited by Deng Liqun is considered to be the most concentrated representative. The series was approved by the National Press and Publication Administration and the Literature Research Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. It is divided into "Life of a Great Man", "Political Strategist Mao Zedong", "Economic Strategist Mao Zedong", "Diplomatic Strategist Mao Zedong", "Cultural Giant Mao Zedong" and "Mao Zedong Interpersonal Relations" There are 11 books, 24 volumes, 14 million words in total. Zheng Peimin, Xiao Zhentang, Gao Xun, Zhang Yungang, Luo Xiaofan, Guo Yi serve as deputy editors. The editorial board is composed of famous experts and scholars in the field of Mao Zedong Thought, Sha Jiansun, Liu Dehou, Chen Jin, Huang Yunsheng, Xing Wenxin, Yan Zhiqing, Zhong Jianguo, Zhao Jingche, Zhang Yuehua, Chang Yonggang, Chen Guoxiong, Zhou Songquan, Jiang Guoping, Cao Kaoshun, etc., are regarded as the most comprehensive and most comprehensive introduction and research of Mao Zedong’s works since the founding of New China. An authoritative set of books is a collection of domestic high-level works on Mao Zedong Thought and Mao Zedong's life. In addition, the more representative series include the "Expansion and Victory of Mao Zedong Thought", edited by Zheng Bijian and published by Chongqing Publishing House in 1993, including "Zhou Enlai and Mao Zedong Thought", "Liu Shaoqi and Mao Zedong Thought", "Mao Zedong Thought and the Communist Party of China" The construction of "Mao Zedong Philosophy", "Mao Zedong Thought and Socialist Modernization", "Mao Zedong Thought and National Defense Modernization", "Mao Zedong Thought and Science and Technology", "Mao Zedong Thought Research in China" and other 13 volumes. Mao Zedong Thought Research Series published by Wuhan University Press, including "The Historical Development of Mao Zedong's Philosophy", "Mao Zedong National Theory", "Mao Zedong Thoughts on Literature and Art", "The Theory and Practice of Mao Zedong's Ideological and Political Education", and "Research on Mao Zedong's Thoughts on Economic Reform and Development" There are six volumes including "Research on Mao Zedong's Legal Thought". It also includes the nine-volume "Mao Zedong Thought Research Series" from Shandong People's Publishing House, the seven-volume "Mao Zedong Thought and the Construction of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics" from Hebei People's Publishing House, and the five-volume "Mao Zedong Thought" from the CPC Central Party School Press. And Science" series, the eight-volume "A Generation of Great Man Mao Zedong" series by Zhongyuan Peasant Press, etc

 Representative works of this period mainly include Bo Yibo's "Review of Some Major Decisions and Events", Li Weihan's "United Front Issues and Ethnic Issues", and Wu Lengxi's "Recalling Chairman Mao-Some Important Experiences I Have Experienced Fragments of Historical Events, "Ten Years of Debate", Hu Qiaomu's "Hu Qiaomu Reminiscences of Mao Zedong", Wang Dongxing's "Wang Dongxing Diary", Shi Zhongquan's "Mao Zedong's Hard Development", Tao Lujia's "Chairman Mao Teach Us to Be a Province" Secretary of the Party Committee, Li Haiwen's "Besides the Historical Giants-Memoirs of Shi Zhe", Cang Nan's "Mao Zedong Thoughts" and "The Study of Mao Zedong Thought in the Perspective of Modernization", "Introduction to Mao Zedong Thought" edited by Zheng Derong, Sha Jian "An Introduction to Mao Zedong Thought" edited by Sun, "History of Mao Zedong Thought" edited by Yang Chao, "The History of Mao Zedong Thought Development" edited by Jin Chunming, "The Formation and Development of Mao Zedong Thought on Military Thought" compiled by Song Shilun, Gong Yuzhi, Pang Xianzhi, Shi Zhongquan's "Mao Zedong's Reading Life", Zhang Qihua's "Understanding Mao Zedong", Chen Jin's "Domination: Interpretation of Mao Zedong's Mind" and "Analysis of Mao Zedong's Reading Notes", Xu Quanxing's "Mao Zedong's Socialist Exploration and Experiments in His Later Years" , "Mao Zedong Thought History Draft" co-authored by Zheng Derong, Huang Jingfang, and Chen Yihua, Liu Rong's "An Overview of Mao Zedong Thoughts", Zhou Yiping's "Mao Zedong Thought Research History Draft", Xu Zhongyuan's "Mao Zedong Thought History", Mao Xinyu's "Grandpa Mao Zedong", Ni Daqi's "Mao Zedong Economic Thought Research", Zeng Min's "Mao Zedong Science and Technology Thought Research", Wang Lisheng's "Mao Zedong's Hard Exploration in His Old Age" and "Recognizing Mao Zedong", Ma Shexiang's "Prelude: Mao Zedong Revisited in 1965" "Up to Jinggang Mountain", Xue Guangzhou's "Mao Zedong and the Fusion of Chinese and Western Philosophy", Yong Tao's "The Historical Development of Mao Zedong's Philosophy", Hu Weixiong's "A Brief History of the Study of Mao Zedong Thought", Hu Changming's "Mao Zedong's Comment on Past Dynasties", etc. Other representative scholars include Hu Sheng, Zhuang Fuling, Liang Zhu, Sun Kexin, Han Shuying, Zhou Yi, Meng Jiqun, Hou Shudong, Yang Ruisen, Song Yixiu, Yang Shengqun, Yang Chungui, Zhang Quanjing, Wang Weiguang, Li Jie, Li Shenming, Li Junru, Feng Hui, Tang Zhouyan , Liu Linyuan, Xiong Huayuan, Wang Jianxin, Lin Jiangong, Zhang Weiping, Tian Keqin, Xu Zhongyuan, Yang Huanzhang, Ran Changguang, Yu Pinhua, Zhang Jingru, Chen Yishou, Chen Xuewei, Wei Yingmin, Xiao Guiqing, Yu Lianghua, Xu Suhua, Xu Junzhong, Li Youxin, Guo Jianning, Bi Jian Heng, Liu Renrong, Fan Ruiping, Zhou Xiangjun, Xiao Yanzhong, Huang Yunsheng, Gu Longsheng, Qiu Yansheng, Gao Jucun, Ji Shichang, etc.

 During this period, research institutions on Mao Zedong Thought and Mao Zedong's life began to increase, and related seminars and forums began to appear gradually during this period. The main research institutes are the Chinese Communist Party Literature Research Association Mao Zedong Thought Biography Research Branch, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Marxism Research Institute Mao Zedong Thought Research Office, the CPC Central Party School Party History Education and Research Department Mao Zedong Thought Research Office, the Chinese Marxist Philosophy History Society and the National Research on Mao Zedong Philosophy Thought Association, National Research Society of Mao Zedong Thought on Literature and Art, Research Society of Mao Zedong Thought Theory and Practice, Mao Zedong Thought Research Center of Xiangtan University, Mao Zedong Thought Research Institute of Northeast Normal University, Shanghai, Hunan, Shaanxi, Jilin, Liaoning, etc. Some prefecture-level cities have also established Mao Zedong Thought Research Centers. Important activities include the commemoration of the 100th birthday of Comrade Mao Zedong, a symposium to commemorate the 110th birthday of Comrade Mao Zedong, an academic seminar commemorating the 100th anniversary of the birth of Comrade Mao Zedong, and the national research on Mao Zedong’s philosophy. Annual meeting, National Mao Zedong Forum, etc. In particular, the "Symposium on Mao Zedong's Life and Thoughts" held at the end of 1993 with the approval of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is considered to reflect the highest level of contemporary research reached by this research as a whole, showing the latest results of Mao Zedong Thought research in the 15 years of reform and opening up. . Shanghai established the "Research on Mao Zedong Thought" in 1980 (later renamed "Research on Mao Zedong's Philosophy Thought" and "Research on Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping Theory" in 1994), Sichuan Province established "Research on Mao Zedong Thought" in 1983, and "Mao Zedong Thought Forum", "Mao Zedong Thought Theory and Practice", "Mao Zedong Thought on Literature and Art", "Mao Zedong Poetry Research Series", etc. Many newspapers and periodicals have opened columns for the study of Mao Zedong Thought. These academic theories have gathered a large number of experts and scholars studying Mao Zedong Thought, which played an important role in promoting the in-depth study, research, and publicity of Mao Zedong Thought.

 However, it is unavoidable that for various reasons, since the mid-1990s, some words and deeds that adhere to Mao Zedong Thought and defend Mao Zedong’s historical status have been attacked as "Left", coupled with the impact of globalization and marketization. The Western camp headed by the United States continues to increase the intensity and intensity of ideological penetration and peaceful evolution of socialist countries. The study of Mao Zedong Thought and Mao Zedong’s life has reached a climax after commemorating the 100th anniversary of Mao Zedong’s birth and has entered a longer period of time. Wandering or even low tide can be described as deepening in struggle and advancing in twists and turns.

Third, the new era: the various efforts to promote the study of Mao Zedong Thought welcome to the new spring

 Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core has firmly adhered to and vigorously promoted Mao Zedong Thought. As socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era, the study of Mao Zedong Thought has ushered in a new spring. On November 17, 2012, when presiding over the first collective study of the 18th Politburo of the CPC Central Committee, General Secretary Xi Jinping not only pointed out that the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics “is the same as Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought in persevering, developing and inheriting "The relationship of innovation", he also especially emphasized: "Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought must not be lost. If you lose it, you will lose the fundamentals." This clear-cut statement not only emphasizes the fundamentals of the Communist Party of China, but also declares the Chinese Communists to the world. Never forget the original, the significance can be said to be significant and far-reaching, which inspires all true Communists and also sets the tone for the study of Mao Zedong Thought in the new era. In the new era, with the establishment and continuous holding of brand forums such as the Mao Zedong Thought Forum of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the research on Mao Zedong Thought continues to heat up, attracting more experts and scholars to join the research team.

 General Secretary Xi Jinping has done the best in the study, persistence, development and promotion of Mao Zedong Thought and has set the best example for the whole party, the whole army and the people of all ethnic groups in the country. On January 5, 2013, General Secretary Xi Jinping delivered an important speech at the seminar for the newly recruited Central Committee members and alternate members to study and implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. He put forward the idea of "two irresponsibility", the core of which is to correctly evaluate Mao Zedong. The historical position of Mao Zedong Thought and the guiding role of Mao Zedong Thought. General Secretary Xi Jinping’s speech at the symposium to commemorate the 120th anniversary of Comrade Mao Zedong’s birth is a programmatic document for the study of Mao Zedong Thought in the new era. In his speech, he not only reiterated that Mao Zedong Thought is a banner that cannot be thrown away, but if it is thrown away, it will actually negate our party’s Glorious history; the principle of holding high the banner of Mao Zedong Thought must not be shaken at any time, and the banner of Mao Zedong Thought must be held high forever; further pointed out: "Comrade Mao Zedong's revolutionary practice and brilliant achievements have been recorded in the history of the Chinese nation. His name, his thoughts, and his style will always inspire us to move forward." These important speeches of General Secretary Xi Jinping deeply impressed more and more people. Recognizing that Mao Zedong Thought is our eternal soul, military soul, and national soul, consciously safeguarding Mao Zedong’s historical position and consciously insisting on Mao Zedong Thought should be the response of every Chinese Communist and every truly patriotic Chinese in the new era. Some are politically sober and politically firm. In addition, General Secretary Xi Jinping also recommended the whole party to study Mao Zedong's works such as "The Working Methods of the Party Committee" and made important instructions and instructions. He repeatedly quoted Mao Zedong's words in his speeches, which spurred the whole party and the country to learn Mao Zedong's thought. On September 12, 2019, General Secretary Xi Jinping visited the Xiangshan Revolutionary Memorial Site in the Xiangshan Park in the western suburbs of Beijing. He first came to the Shuangqing Villa to pay tribute to the place where Mao Zedong lived and worked. Very good response. Especially on September 30, 2019, before the ceremony of presenting a flower basket to the People’s Heroes on the Martyrs’ Memorial Day, General Secretary Xi Jinping and other central leaders came to the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall. In the North Hall, flower baskets presented by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the State Council, the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the Central Military Commission, the democratic parties, the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce and patriots without party affiliation are placed directly in front of Mao Zedong's seated statue. General Secretary Xi Jinping and others bowed three times to the seated Mao Zedong statue, and then came to the salutation hall to pay tribute to Mao Zedong's legacy, expressing his deep memory of Mao Zedong and other revolutionaries of the older generation. This move announced to the whole world that the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core insisted on and promoted Mao Zedong Thought, and made more people understand that a very important content of "not forgetting the original intention" is to adhere to Mao Zedong Thought, which aroused strong domestic and foreign The repercussions have even more encouraged and inspired experts and scholars in the research of Mao Zedong Thought and Mao Zedong's life. They have won high praise, heartfelt praise, and enthusiastic support from the entire party, the entire army, and the people of all ethnic groups across the country.

 Under the guidance of Xi Jinping’s thoughts on socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, the Chinese academic and theoretical circles in the new era insist on studying Mao Zedong Thought and Mao Zedong’s life from the standpoints and methods of historical materialism and dialectical materialism. The research team continues to grow and the research results are increasing. . Everyone has not only regarded Mao Zedong Thought and Mao Zedong’s life as academic and theoretical research objects, but also regarded Mao Zedong as the great leader of the party, country, and nation, the great pioneer of Marxism in China, and the great founder of socialist new China. To deepen the research and gradually return to the original, true, and essential research level of Mao Zedong Thought, the evaluation of Mao Zedong is more objective, scientific, and fair, and Mao Zedong Thought has become more and more popular. In sharp contrast, as hostile forces at home and abroad collude with each other and the Western camp led by the United States continues to increase the intensity and intensity of ideological infiltration and peaceful evolution of our country, some people reflect on Mao Zedong Thought and Mao Zedong’s life. When the critical research gradually turned to the extreme opposite side, the comprehensive denial of Mao Zedong Thought and Mao Zedong became a typical expression of historical nihilism. Some people even went astray completely to deny the Communist Party of China, the People's Republic of China, socialism, Marxism and Communism, which caused considerable ideological confusion in the ideological field and even the whole society, and the impact was relatively bad. In this context, whether to deny or adhere to Mao Zedong Thought, shake or defend Mao Zedong’s historical position has become one of the focal points of ideological struggles. The attitude towards Mao Zedong Thought and Mao Zedong’s attitude has become an important touchstone for testing true and false Communists.

 The most important research result of Mao Zedong Thought in the new era is the Chronicle of Mao Zedong (1949-1976). This is a chronological work that describes Mao Zedong’s life and performance during the 27 years from the founding of the People’s Republic of China to his death. Based on the archives kept by the Central Archives, it published a large number of speeches and talks that were not included in the collection of Mao Zedong’s works. At the same time, other documents and interview materials were used, which reflected Mao Zedong’s thoughts, theories, decision-making, working methods and various activities in a more in-depth and comprehensive manner, and reflected the glorious course and ideological development of his leadership in establishing and constructing New China. The study of precious documents on Mao Zedong Thought and Mao Zedong's life also promoted deeper research on Mao Zedong Thought and Mao Zedong's life. The biographies, anthologies, anthologies, and chronicles of Deng Xiaoping, Chen Yun, Hu Jintao and other leading comrades were published, as well as "Selected Works of Mao Zedong Nationalities", "Selected Works of Mao Zedong News", "Ninety Years of the Communist Party of China", "Thirteen Years of the CPC Central Committee in Yan'an", " The publication of important documents and works such as Deng Liqun's Self-Report (1915-1974) has also provided rich and valuable materials for the study of Mao Zedong Thought in the new era.

 The results of the study of Mao Zedong Thought in the new era are also gratifying, and a group of outstanding experts and scholars have emerged. Among them, Sha Jiansun's "General Theory of Mao Zedong Thought", "Mao Zedong and the Opening of New Roads for Chinese Revolution", "A View of Mao Zedong Thought" by Zheng Derong and Wang Zhanren, "Mao Zedong's Historical Contributions to New China" by Li Jie, and "Mao Zedong's Historical Contributions to New China" by Li Shenming. People worry about the party-Mao Zedong's Exploration of the Party's Deterioration Thought, Chen Jin's "Mao Zedong's Cultural Character", Pang Xian's "Great Banner: Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought", Huang Shaoqun's "From Jinggangshan to Yan'an: Mao Zedong's Struggle" History (Revised Edition), Jin Minqing's "The Path of Young Mao Zedong's Thought Transformation-How Did Mao Zedong Become a Marxist?", Zhang Wanlu's "Mao Zedong's Road (1935-1945)", Liu Zhenqi's "Mao Zedong Spirit" Monographs such as Gong Li's "Mao Zedong and Sino-US Diplomacy", Meng Xing's "Mao Zedong in the 1950s", Cao Yingwang's "Mao Zedong in the War of Resistance" and Qi Deping's "Manuscripts of Mao Zedong in My Administration" are representative works of this period. Other representative scholars include Liang Zhu, Zhang Quanjing, Wang Weiguang, Tang Zhouyan, Zhang Zhichu, Xue Guangzhou, Xu Junzhong, Li Youxin, Yang Mingwei, Liu Jianwu, Liu Linyuan, Liu Shulin, Yang Ruisen, Xiao Guiqing, Wang Lisheng, Hu Xueju, Ma Shexiang, Zhu Jidong, Yang Xinli, Chen Jinlong, Ding Junping, Yang Fengcheng, Cao Yongxin, Luo Pinghan, Han Yuhai, Cheng Meidong, Shang Qingfei, Yan Jiahua, Yang Guoli, Long Jianyu, Hu Changming, Ji Shichang, Wu Chuying, etc., and a group of young scholars began to gradually take on the important task of researching Mao Zedong Thought.

 The rise of national brand forums in the field of Mao Zedong's research is a highlight of Mao Zedong's thought research in the new era. Among them, the Mao Zedong Thought Forum of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences is one of the most influential and appealing forums in the field of Mao Zedong Thought in the new era. This forum is a national high-end academic forum under the unified leadership of the Marxist theoretical discipline construction and theoretical research project leadership group of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and organized by the Marxist Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. It aims to strengthen the exchange of scholars in the field of Mao Zedong Thought research across the country and promote Mao Zedong Thought Research is carried out in depth. On April 12, 2014, the first Mao Zedong Thought Forum of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences was held in Beijing with the theme "Mao Zedong·Mao Zedong Thought and Contemporary China". The forum is held once a year. The themes of the second to seventh sessions are "Mao Zedong and the Road to Socialism with Chinese Characteristics", "Mao Zedong and the Communist Party of China", "Mao Zedong and the Theoretical Innovation of the Communist Party of China", "Mao Zedong Thought and Reform and Opening-up" Mao Zedong Thought 70 Years of New China" "Mao Zedong Thought and the Great Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation". In addition, the twelve sessions of the National Mao Zedong Forum have grown in influence and scale, especially by the National Mao Zedong Thought Research Association, the Mao Zedong Thought Research Center of Xiangtan University and After co-sponsored by the Shaoshan Administration of Hunan Province and others, it echoed with the Mao Zedong Thought Forum of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences-South and North, and became two famous national forums in the fields of Mao Zedong Thought and Mao Zedong's life research. In addition, the National Mao Zedong has been held for many years. The annual meeting of the Philosophy and Thought Research Society, the annual meeting of the China Mao Zedong Poetry Research Society and the first Mao Zedong's works and edition seminar held in 2019 have also produced relatively large and relatively good influences.

 In the new era, while the "Research on Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping Theory" and "Research on Mao Zedong Thought" continue to play the role of the main battlefield and main front of the study of Mao Zedong Thought, the professional academic journal "Mao Zedong Studies" hosted by the Hunan Academy of Social Sciences The publication was officially launched in July 2014, and it has risen rapidly after the publication. The academic influence and brand appeal have been continuously improved, and it has become an important representative journal in the research of Mao Zedong Thought and Mao Zedong's life. On March 31, 2020, the 2019 newspapers and periodicals reprinting index ranking developed by the Humanities and Social Sciences Academic Achievement Evaluation Research Center of Renmin University of China in conjunction with the Book and Journal Information Center of Renmin University of China was officially released. "Mao Zedong Studies" was awarded in the "Marxist Theory Subject" (Excluding ideological and political education) "Journal" ranks third in reprinting volume, first in reprinting rate, and second in comprehensive index. In addition, "Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology (Social Science Edition)", "Journal of Xiangtan University (Philosophy and Social Science Edition)", "Hunan Social Science", "Journal of China Jinggangshan Cadre College", "Research on the History of the Communist Party of China", "Research on Marxism", "Contemporary China" "History Research", "Ideological and Theoretical Education Guide", "Party Literature", "Party Construction", "Journal of the Central Institute of Socialism", "Journal of Yan'an Cadre Institute of China", "Modern Philosophy", "Xiang Chao", "Xinxiang Review", "Hunan First Normal University" Journal of the College, "Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University", "Gathering of Party History", "Exhibition of Party History", "Party History Wenyuan", "Journal of Gannan Normal University", "Yunmeng Academic Journal", "New West" and other journals published Mao Zedong Thought There are also many relevant research articles, plus the "Mao Zedong Forum" (half-yearly) edited by Xiangtan University and other periodicals published in the form of book substitutes, and edited by Hunan Academy of Social Sciences and Hunan University of Science and Technology in People's Publishing House. The "Mao Zedong Research Report" gradually formed a new pattern of periodicals and annual report groups for the study of Mao Zedong Thought in the new era, and promoted the continuous and better results of the study of Mao Zedong Thought in the new era.

 An important feature of the study of Mao Zedong Thought in the new era is that the study is deeper, more comprehensive and more objective, and the evaluation of Mao Zedong Thought and Mao Zedong is more objective, scientific, and fair, especially with important documents such as "Mao Zedong Chronicles (1949-1976)" The publication of the publication of Mao Zedong’s attacks, smears, and slanders are self-defeating in the face of the historical truth, and it has also made more and more people, including experts and scholars in the research of Mao Zedong Thought and the study of Mao Zedong’s life, realize more and more. Facts have proved that what we once thought Mao Zedong did wrong is right today; Mao Zedong took the initiative to take responsibility for the mistakes of others; Mao Zedong saw it many years before his contemporaries. Mao Zedong Thought has also shown increasingly important values of the times and world significance, attracting more and more experts and scholars, especially young scholars, to consciously join the research team of Mao Zedong Thought, and attracting more and more party members, cadres and grassroots. The masses joined the ranks of studying, researching, and promoting Mao Zedong Thought. The study of the relationship between Mao Zedong Thought and Xi Jinping’s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era became a highlight, making Mao Zedong Thought more and more prominent in the new era. , Important value and infinite charm.