Zenobia’s Call: Implement Resolution 2254 and Replace the UN Special Envoy

Last month, Nazir Al-Qadri, Syria’s newly appointed Minister of Education, reportedly removed mentions of Zenobia from religious education books, dismissing her as "irrelevant." The decision—a quiet but profound reshaping of Syrian historical identity—signals more than a curriculum revision. It raises urgent questions about the trajectory of Syria under its new leadership, echoing deeper concerns about the nation’s cultural and political future.

Zenobia, the legendary queen of Palmyra who ruled Syria in the 3rd century CE and the last Syrian leader to rule an independent state, represents a proud moment of sovereignty in a country perpetually shaped by foreign powers and internal struggles. Her legacy has stood as a beacon of strength, tolerance, and defiance against oppression. Erasing her from educational materials reflects a broader ideological shift under the current Islamist-backed regime, which is subtly redefining Syrian identity in ways that could stifle diversity, equality, and independent thought.

Syria today is governed by a new regime born from a fractured revolution. While Assad’s authoritarian Baathist rule has fallen, the emergent Islamist leadership reflects a continuation of Syria’s long-standing struggle against external domination and internal repression. Unlike the narrower pan-Arab nationalism of the Baathists, the current Islamist framework encompasses broader transnational ambitions, blending local governance with external ideologies. Alarmingly, the regime’s military incorporates foreign fighters, granting them prominent roles, which further complicates Syria’s national sovereignty. At the same time, Syria’s opposition has become more diverse, encompassing a wide array of ethnic, religious, and ideological factions, highlighting the urgent need for a truly inclusive political process.

The broadened scope of both the regime and the opposition underscores the continued relevance of Resolution 2254. This framework—rooted in Syrian-led negotiations and inclusivity—is uniquely suited to address the complexities of Syria’s current political landscape. However, the stagnation under UN Special Envoy Geir O. Pedersen has hindered its implementation. Pedersen’s recent call for a new UNSC resolution—despite knowing the impossibility of achieving consensus among member states—is another roadblock, further entrenching stagnation and delaying progress. Such requests divert attention from actionable steps under Resolution 2254 and risk prolonging Syria’s suffering.

Observers have noted similarities between the current leadership’s strategies and broader jihadist agendas, despite their claims of reform. The new administration’s ideological underpinnings raise critical questions about their commitment to national sovereignty and inclusivity. Do they accept Syria’s borders as final, as recognized by the United Nations? Do they regard all Syrians as equal partners in the nation’s future? Are they going to give rights in Syria to foreigners at the expense of Syrian people, as the previous Assad regime did?

The appointment of Aisha al-Debs as head of the Women’s Affairs Office exemplifies these concerns. Her advocacy for a conservative, family-focused role for women starkly contrasts with Syria’s history of strong female leadership, embodied by Zenobia. Critics argue that this vision undermines gender equality, sending a clear message that the regime’s priorities lie in patriarchal conformity rather than progress. Zenobia’s removal from the curriculum thus becomes a symbol of a broader effort to rewrite Syria’s identity—one that diminishes the contributions of women and the rich diversity that has defined the nation.

The implications of this ideological shift extend beyond cultural erasure. The failure to fully implement Resolution 2254 risks perpetuating a fractured nation incapable of achieving true sovereignty. A Syrian-led process is essential to breaking this cycle. Appointing a Syrian diplomat as the UN Special Envoy could reinvigorate the framework, ensuring that all voices—from women to Kurds, Druze, Christians, Alawites, and secular Muslims—are genuinely represented. Abdallah Al Dardari, a seasoned UN official with deep Syrian roots, stands out as a candidate capable of navigating these complexities and restoring the resolution’s original intent.

The erasure of Zenobia’s legacy is emblematic of a broader failure to embrace Syria’s diverse heritage and the potential for unity it represents. Her story is not just a relic of the past; it is a reminder of what Syria can aspire to become—a nation defined by resilience, inclusivity, and the courage to defy oppression. Without immediate and decisive action, Syria risks remaining trapped in a cycle of conflict, unable to achieve true independence and fulfill its potential as a sovereign and inclusive nation.

The questions remain: Will Syria’s new leaders commit to a future that honors its diverse past, as envisioned by respected leaders like Ahmad Al-Sharaa and Sheik Hikmat Al-Hijri, whose speeches have inspired hope despite the controversies surrounding HTS appointees? Or will they continue to rewrite history to fit a narrower, more oppressive vision? The answers to these questions will shape the destiny of millions and define the legacy of a nation struggling to rediscover its identity.

Taleb Sabouni

California, January 14th, 2025