Your Electric Car is Your Power House with V2X Technologies (Bidirectional Charging)
Angad Gupta ,MIEEE, BITS-Pilani
Renewable Energy | Clean Tech | DR | VPP| DERMS|EV
The concept of vehicle-to-everything (V2X)
V2X technologies, including vehicle-to-grid (V2G), vehicle-to-home (V2H), and vehicle-to-building (V2B), have the potential to revolutionize the way we use and manage energy in transportation and buildings. V2G is a concept that enables EVs to not only draw power from the grid but also provide power back to the grid. Fundamentally, this process entails the utilization of parked and unutilized EVs as a source of power for the electricity grid during periods of high demand, while simultaneously returning that power back to the same EVs during times of low demand. This mechanism permits the grid to draw on EVs' stored energy to accommodate sudden surges in power requirements, such as when households collectively activate high-powered electrical appliances, like kettles, during half-time breaks in a football game. The EVs' battery power is replenished in the early hours of the morning when people are sleeping, and the electricity load is low.
V2H is a small-scale version of V2G. It allows homes to be supplied with power stored in the EV’s battery through the home power network, serving as a backup energy source. V2B follows a similar concept, and setups can vary between the connection to a single-family home or an apartment building. V2H and V2B do not directly affect the grid but contribute to a local balance by providing energy to power the building even during power outages. Figure 2 illustrates the different levels of communication and control for simple charging and V2X applications.
How does it work?
V2X systems use a combination of hardware and software, including vehicle controllers, inverters, and communication protocols, to enable the bi-directional flow of power and data between EVs and external systems. These systems rely on standard communication protocols such as CHAdeMO, Combined Charging System (CCS), and Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) to ensure interoperability between different systems and technologies. The EV is equipped with a bi-directional charger (AC–DC and DC–DC) that can both charge the vehicle's battery and discharge energy back to the grid or home/building (Tan, 2019). Additionally, the charging infrastructure includes a smart charging station that communicates with the vehicle and the respective grid, monitoring the battery's state of charge and adjusting the charging rate to optimize the vehicle's charging and discharging behavior. Most major OEMs committed to deliver V2X-compatible electric cars in this decade while charge point manufacturers have made a similar commitment.
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V2X Use Cases and Barriers
How is V2X Different from Smart Charging??
EV smart charging ensures the safe delivery of power to EVs without compromising on delivering electricity to offices, campuses, commercial locations and homes. It is a software-based function that uses intelligence and communications between the charger, the EV, and the charging operator to balance demand placed on the energy grid by slowing or disabling EV charging during peak demand periods. This helps balance the grid overall and, where available, takes advantage of flexible energy markets.??
What technology is required for V2X??
V2X requires:?
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