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What are the main functions of progesterone?
Progesterone mainly helps to regulate the menstrual cycle and maintain pregnancy. Its release increases right after ovulation to help strengthen the endometrium, preparing it for the potential development of the fetus. During pregnancy, progesterone stimulates the delivery of nutrients to the embryo, prepares the muscles for labor, and assists in breast development, among other functions. And when it comes to males, this hormone positively impacts sperm development.
What are the effects of too low or high progesterone levels not linked with the menstrual cycle or pregnancy?
Usually, high progesterone is not harmful to the body. Imagine, it can rise from 0.89 ng/ml in pre-ovulation to 58-214 ng/ml in the third trimester. And it is a natural boost! On the contrary, low progesterone levels can result in:
??poor ovarian function,
??irregular or absent menstruation,
??uterine bleeding,
??increased risk of miscarriage or infertility.
In some cases, hormone therapy may be prescribed to solve such problems.
Are there any other effects of progesterone in normal circumstances?
Yes, there are several of them. For example, progesterone levels can influence one’s pain experience. As per the Journal of Pain (2018), progesterone peak is associated with a decreased sense of pain severity, it can be 25.6% lower.
Apart from analgesic features, this hormone has neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and calming effects. Hence it may help improve sleep and mood. However, these are not the primary functions of progesterone, and if you notice disturbing symptoms of any mood disorder, consider seeing a mental health professional.