The XPoSat mission

The XPoSat mission

Intro:

The XPoSat (X-ray Polarimeter Satellite) mission signifies India's pioneering entry into dedicated polarimetry studies of bright astronomical X-ray sources in extreme conditions

India is set to achieve a historic milestone on January 1st, 2024, marking a significant moment as the first Asian nation to accomplish this remarkable feat. This inaugural launch of the new year symbolizes India's spirited commencement of 2024. Furthermore, the event signifies the 60th flight of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), underscoring India's consistent commitment to advancements in space exploration and technology.

Positioned in low Earth orbit, the spacecraft will carry two state-of-the-art scientific payloads, POLIX (Polarimeter Instrument in X-rays) and XSPECT (X-ray Spectroscopy and Timing), each designed to unravel the complexities of X-ray emissions from various celestial bodies.

Main Payload:

POLIX, the primary payload, is an X-ray Polarimeter developed by the Ramam Research Institute (RRI), Bangalore, in collaboration with the UR Rao Satellite Centre (URSC). This instrument, comprising a collimator, a scatterer, and four X-ray proportional counter detectors surrounding the scatterer, operates in the medium X-ray energy range of 8-30 keV. The collimator restricts the field of view to 3 degrees by 3 degrees, ensuring focused observations on a single bright source. POLIX is poised to observe approximately 40 diverse astronomical sources over the planned 5-year mission duration, making it the first dedicated polarimetry instrument in the medium X-ray energy band.

XSPECT, the complementary payload, is an X-ray Spectroscopy and Timing instrument designed to provide fast timing and high spectroscopic resolution in soft X-rays. Deployed alongside POLIX, XSPECT takes advantage of the extended observation periods required by its counterpart to conduct long-term monitoring of spectral state changes in continuum emissions. Equipped with Swept Charge Devices (SCDs) offering an effective area exceeding 30 cm2 at 6 keV, and passive collimators for field-of-view reduction, XSPECT aims to observe various celestial phenomena, including X-ray pulsars, blackhole binaries, low-magnetic field neutron stars (NS) in LMXBs, AGNs, and Magnetars.

What will this study??

The XPoSat is poised to revolutionize the study of black holes and various celestial objects. It utilizes a technique known as polarimetry, to measure the polarization of X-ray emissions from astronomical sources. In the case of black holes, neutron stars, active galactic nuclei, and pulsar wind nebulae, the emission mechanisms involve complex physical processes that have been challenging to unravel.

Space-based observatories have historically provided essential spectroscopic and timing data, shedding light on the behavior of these cosmic entities. However, the incorporation of polarimetry measurements by XPoSat introduces two critical dimensions - the degree and angle of polarization. These parameters act as powerful diagnostic tools, offering a unique perspective on the nature of the emitted X-rays.

The degree of polarization quantifies the alignment of electric field vectors within the X-ray emissions, while the angle of polarization indicates the orientation of these vectors. By incorporating polarimetry into the observational toolkit, researchers aim to break the degeneracy of various theoretical models that attempt to explain the observed phenomena. This additional information is expected to provide crucial insights into the underlying physical processes governing the emissions from black holes and other enigmatic objects.

Specifically, when it comes to black holes, polarimetry can help discern between competing theories about the geometry and properties of the accretion disk, jet structures, and the magnetic fields in the vicinity of these cosmic entities. Beyond black holes, polarimetry-based satellites like XPoSat will also advance our understanding of neutron stars, active galactic nuclei, and pulsar wind nebulae. The ability to probe the polarization of X-ray emissions opens new avenues for unraveling the intricacies of these celestial phenomena, marking a significant leap forward in our comprehension of astronomical emission processes.

Launch:

The XPoSat mission, scheduled for launch aboard PSLV-C58, symbolizes India's commitment to advancing space-based X-ray astronomy.

PSLV-C58 Details:

  • DL configuration with two extended-length strapons
  • Primary payload: XPoSat (469 kg)
  • X-ray Polarimeter Satellite Consists of the PSLV Orbital Experimental Module (POEM) hosting 10 payloads, including one separable Double-Unit pocket CubeSat
  • Mission duration: 21 min, 56 sec
  • Target Orbit 1: 650 km (circular orbit), Inclination = 6.0°
  • Target Orbit 2: 350 km (circular orbit), Inclination = 9.6°
  • Launch Azimuth: 102°

10 Payloads in the POEM:

  1. Radiation Shielding Experimental Module (RSEM): To evaluate the effectiveness of Tantalum coating for radiation shielding
  2. Women Engineered Satellite (WESAT): To measure and compare real-time UV radiation in space and on Earth's surface.
  3. BeliefSat-0: To deploy a Pocketcube (2u) Amateur radio digipeater satellite. Separable payload via SomaiyaPod deployer.
  4. Green Impulse TrAnsmitter (GITA): To introduce a green bipropellant CubeSat propulsion unit.
  5. Launching Expeditions for Aspiring Technologies-Technology Demonstrator (LEAP-TD): To demonstrate microsatellite subsystems.
  6. RUDRA 0.3 HPGP: To introduce a Green Monopropellant Thruster.
  7. ARKA-200: To deploy a Heaterless Hollow Cathode for Hall thrusters
  8. Dust Experiment (DEX): To perform interplanetary dust count measurements.
  9. Fuel Cell Power System (FCPS): To demonstrate a fuel cell power system
  10. Si based High Energy cell: To demonstrate Silicon-based High Energy cells

Conclusion:

The XPoSat stands as a pioneering achievement in India's space exploration endeavors, particularly in the realm of astrophysics. By integrating advanced polarimetry techniques, this satellite holds the promise of unraveling the mysteries surrounding black holes and other celestial objects. With a focus on precision and innovation, XPoSat not only contributes to the global understanding of astronomical processes but also showcases India's commitment to pushing the boundaries of space science and technology. As a symbol of scientific excellence and international collaboration, XPoSat positions India at the forefront of cutting-edge space research, opening new horizons for exploration and discovery in the vast cosmic landscape.


Further details:

Mission page: https://www.isro.gov.in/XPoSat.html

Gallery: https://www.isro.gov.in/XpoSat_Gallery.html

Godwin Josh

Co-Founder of Altrosyn and DIrector at CDTECH | Inventor | Manufacturer

1 年

The XPoSat mission is indeed a momentous achievement for India's space exploration endeavors. It's remarkable to see India ushering in 2024 with such a groundbreaking feat. You talked about India's historic achievement in your post. Now, let's explore a technical aspect. Considering the PSLV's legacy and expertise, imagine a scenario where we need to deploy multiple small satellites into precise orbits for a complex Earth observation mission. How would you envision the PSLV being technically adapted to handle such a mission efficiently, leveraging its experience from previous launches? I'm curious to hear your thoughts on this specific application of PSLV's capabilities.

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