X AXIS MOTION SYSTEM

Welcome back to our weekly series on developing an FFF 3D printer!

In our last edition, we completed the Z-axis motion system, enabling precise vertical movement of the printhead. This week, we’re tackling the X-axis motion system, which ensures smooth horizontal movement of the printhead along the X-axis. This system is essential for achieving accurate layer deposition during printing.

Materials for the X-Axis Motion System

Here’s what you’ll need to build the X-axis motion system:

1. 2 Linear Bearings: Provide smooth linear motion along the X-axis rods.
2. 1 Left Carriage Mount (3D printed): Holds the linear bearings and supports one side of the X-axis.
3. 1 Right Carriage Mount (3D printed): Holds the linear bearings and connects to the tensioning mechanism.
4. X Carriage with Extruder Hold (3D printed): Central part that holds the extruder and moves along the rods.
5. Extruder: Responsible for feeding filament to the nozzle.
6. Nozzle: Deposits melted filament onto the print bed.
7. 2 400mm Rods: Provide rigid support for the X-axis and guide the motion.
8. 2 Brass Nuts: Connect the X-axis carriage to the Z-axis lead screws.
9. Assortment of M3, M4, and M5 Screws & Nuts: Secure all components.

Steps to Assemble the X-Axis Motion System

1. 3D Print the Parts

• Begin by 3D printing the following components: Left Carriage Mount Right Carriage Mount X Carriage with Extruder Hold
• Use a material like PLA or PETG for rigidity and durability.
• Inspect the printed parts for any imperfections that could affect their performance.

2. Preparing the X-Axis Rods

• Insert the two linear bearings onto each 400mm rod.
• Attach the rods to the left and right carriage mounts, ensuring a firm fit.

3. Mounting the Carriages

• Attach the Left Carriage Mount to the Z-axis linear rail on the left side of the printer using screws.
• Attach the Right Carriage Mount to the opposite Z-axis rail, ensuring both mounts are aligned and level.

4. Installing the X Carriage

• Attach the X carriage (3D printed) to the linear bearings. Ensure it slides smoothly along the rods.
• Secure the extruder and nozzle to the X carriage using screws. This setup will handle filament feeding and extrusion during printing.

5. Connecting to the Z-Axis Lead Screws

• Use the two brass nuts to connect the X carriage to the Z-axis lead screws.
• Carefully align the brass nuts with the lead screws to prevent binding during operation.

6. Securing Components

• Tighten all screws, ensuring the assembly is rigid but allows for smooth movement.
• Test the motion by manually moving the X carriage along the rods. It should slide effortlessly without wobble.

Adjusting and Testing the X-Axis Motion System

• Power on the printer and use simple test commands to move the X-axis.
• Check for alignment issues or excessive friction.
• Adjust the tensioning mechanism on the right carriage mount to eliminate slack in the rods.

What’s Next?

With the X-axis motion system in place, your 3D printer’s printhead can now move precisely along the horizontal axis. This marks a critical milestone in the printer’s development!

Next week, we’ll dive into electrical wiring, connecting stepper motors, endstops, and the control board to bring the motion systems to life.

As always, feel free to reach out with any questions or feedback. Let’s keep building and bring your 3D printer closer to completion!