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How can you ensure cybersecurity in DCS for industrial control systems?

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Cybersecurity is a vital concern for industrial control systems (ICS) that rely on distributed control systems (DCS) to monitor and control physical processes. DCS are often connected to networks and devices that can be vulnerable to cyberattacks, which can cause disruptions, damages, or even disasters. How can you ensure cybersecurity in DCS for industrial control systems? Here are some tips and best practices to follow.

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Gilles Loridon

1 Assess your risks

The first step to ensure cybersecurity in DCS is to identify and evaluate the potential threats and vulnerabilities that your system faces. You can use frameworks and standards such as NIST SP 800-82, IEC 62443, or ISA/IEC 62443 to guide your risk assessment process. You should also consider the impact of cyberattacks on your operational, safety, environmental, and financial objectives.

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2 Implement defense-in-depth

The second step to ensure cybersecurity in DCS is to apply a defense-in-depth strategy that layers multiple security measures to protect your system from different angles. You can use techniques such as network segmentation, firewall configuration, encryption, authentication, authorization, and intrusion detection and prevention to prevent unauthorized access and limit the spread of attacks. You should also monitor and audit your network traffic and system activities regularly.

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Gilles Loridon
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Nuclear safety inspired concepts for Defense in Depth: -Redundancy: Redundant controls to make sure that if one fails, the other one is available to step in. Typically, you have two identical firewalls, routers, switches. -Diversity: Similar types of cyber security controls should not have the same vulnerability/weakness: for example use two different types of A/V technologies on the file servers and the end-points: signature based and behavior based. -Independence: Multiple controls will not fail because of the exploitation of a single vulnerability (vulnerability on Cisco IOS, windows OS, open source software or Intel processors). For example, a single Cisco IOS vulnerability could compromised all your firewalls, routers and switches.

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3 Update and patch your system

The third step to ensure cybersecurity in DCS is to keep your system updated and patched with the latest security fixes and enhancements. You should follow the recommendations and guidelines from your DCS vendors and suppliers, and test the updates and patches before applying them to your production system. You should also backup your system data and configuration regularly, and have a recovery plan in case of a cyber incident.

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4 Train and educate your staff

The fourth step to ensure cybersecurity in DCS is to train and educate your staff on the importance and best practices of cybersecurity. You should raise awareness and foster a culture of security among your operators, engineers, managers, and other stakeholders. You should also provide them with the tools and resources to recognize and report suspicious activities, incidents, or anomalies.

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Gilles Loridon
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Changing cyber security culture is key and it is much more difficult to change than to train them on the latest threats. Cyber Security awareness is often failing because you can't train culture change. ICS cyber security awareness should be inspired how Energy companies are handling safety culture. Now fatalities are relatively rare in Energy sector sites, we need to look at how they handle safety culture and how we can benefit from their approach. For example, cyber security could adopt the safety moment concept, when for 5 or 10 minutes, at the beginning of formal meetings, a near miss or an incident are discussed. This is one safety culture tool among many others, that ICS cyber security could adapt and use.

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5 Collaborate and share information

The fifth step to ensure cybersecurity in DCS is to collaborate and share information with other organizations and entities that have similar or related systems. You can join industry associations, forums, or networks that facilitate information exchange and cooperation on cybersecurity issues and solutions. You can also leverage the expertise and support of government agencies, regulators, or consultants that can help you improve your cybersecurity posture.

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6 Review and improve your security

The sixth step to ensure cybersecurity in DCS is to review and improve your security measures and practices periodically. You should conduct audits, tests, or simulations to evaluate the effectiveness and performance of your security controls. You should also review your policies, procedures, and standards to ensure they are aligned with your goals and requirements. You should also learn from your experiences and feedback, and implement continuous improvement actions.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Gilles Loridon
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One of the most crucial aspect of your ICS journey should be to setup your CSMS, Cyber Security Management System, compliant with international standard such as ISA-62443. You should not focus your effort on a solution/technology driven projects but on a risk management system where the implementation of technology is driven by well understood risk mitigation requirements.

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How can you ensure cybersecurity in DCS for industrial control systems?

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1 Assess your risks

2 Implement defense-in-depth

3 Update and patch your system

4 Train and educate your staff

5 Collaborate and share information

6 Review and improve your security

7 Here’s what else to consider

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