WORLD ISLAMIC SCIENCE-TECH REVIEW,MAY-JUNE,2024(Special issue on Eid-ul-Adha & Hajj-e-Baitullah)
Muhammad Sheikh Ramzan Hossain
Chief Editor at Islamic Science-Tech Review
"In it are signs manifest; (for example) the Station of Abraham; whoever enters it attains security; pilgrimage thereto is a duty men owe to Allah those who can afford the journey; but if any deny faith Allah stands not in need of any of his creatures".
(Source: Al Quran: Sūra 3: āl-i-‘Imrān, or The Family of ‘Imrān, Ayat:97,Verses 200 — Madani; Revealed at Madina — Sections 20, https://quranyusufali.com/3/)
"Remember We made the house a place of assembly for men and a place of safety; and take ye the station of Abraham as a place of prayer; and We covenanted with Abraham and Isma`il that they should sanctify My House for those who compass it round or use it as a retreat or bow or prostrate themselves (therein in prayer)".
(Sūra 2: Baqara, or the Heifer,Ayat:125, Verses 286 — Madani; Revealed at Madina — Sections 40, https://quranyusufali.com/2/)
"Behold! Safa and Marwa are among the Symbols of Allah. So if those who visit the house in the season or at other times should compass them round it is no sin in them. And if anyone obeyeth his own impulse to good be sure that Allah is He Who recogniseth and knoweth".
(Sūra 2: Baqara, or the Heifer,Ayat:158, Verses 286 — Madani; Revealed at Madina — Sections 40, https://quranyusufali.com/2/)
“ And proclaim the Pilgrimage Among men?: they will come To thee on foot and (mounted) On every kind of camel, Lean on account of journeys Through deep and distant Mountain highways ;"
??- ???????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?
“ That they may witness The benefits (provided) for them, And celebrate the name Of Allah, through the Days Appointed, over the cattle Which He has provided for them (For sacrifice) : then eat ye Thereof and feed the distressed Ones in want".
(Sūra 22: Hajj, or The Pilgrimage, Ayat:27-28, Verses 78 — Madani; Revealed at Madina — Sections 10, https://quranyusufali.com/22/)
"For Hajj are the months well known. If anyone undertakes that duty therein let there be no obscenity nor wickedness nor wrangling in the Hajj. And whatever good ye do (be sure) Allah knoweth it. And take a provision (with you) for the journey but the best of provisions is right conduct. So fear Me o ye that are wise.!"
(Sūra 2: Baqara, or the Heifer,197,Verses 286 — Madani; Revealed at Madina — Sections 40, https://quranyusufali.com/2/)
???- ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ?
???- ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????? ? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?
"It is no crime in you if ye seek of the bounty of your Lord (during Pilgrimage). Then when ye pour down from (Mount) Arafat celebrate the praises of Allah at the Sacred Monument and celebrate His praises as He has directed you even though before this ye went astray.
Then pass on at a quick pace from the place whence it is usual for the multitude so to do and ask for Allah’s forgiveness. For Allah is Oft Forgiving Most Merciful."
(Sūra 2: Baqara, or the Heifer,Ayat:198-199, Verses 286 — Madani; Revealed at Madina — Sections 40, https://quranyusufali.com/2/)
???- ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ? ?????? ???????? ????????? ? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?
"And complete the Hajj or `Umra in the service of Allah. But if ye are prevented (from completing it) send an offering for sacrifice such as ye may find and do not shave your heads until the offering reaches the place of sacrifice. And if any of you is ill or has an ailment in his scalp (necessitating shaving) (he should) in compensation either fast or feed the poor or offer sacrifice; and when ye are in peaceful conditions (again) if anyone wishes to continue the ‘Umra on to the Hajj he must make an offering such as he can afford it he should fast three days during the Hajj and seven days on his return making ten days in all. This is for those whose household is not in (the precincts of) the Sacred Mosque. And fear Allah and know that Allah is strict in punishment".
(Sūra 2: Baqara, or the Heifer,Ayat:196, Verses 286 — Madani; Revealed at Madina — Sections 40, https://quranyusufali.com/2/)
?.?????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ? ???????? ?? ????, ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????, ??? ???? ???? ????, ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????????????? ?????????? ?? (???? ??? ?????,????:??)
??. ??????? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????, ? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ?????, ?????? ? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ????, ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?????, ???? ????????(???? ??????,????:???)
?. ??? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ? ????????? ???? ???????? ??? ????????, ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ? ???????? ???? ?????, ???? ???? ?????????, ??????? ? ????-???????????? ???? ?????? ?????(???? ??????,????:???)
?. ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????, ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???, ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???, ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ? ????????(???? ??????,????:???-???)
?. ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?? ? ????? ???? ????, ??? ?? ????? ????, ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??, ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????, ????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???, ????? ?? ???? ???????, ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??, ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ? ????????? ????? ????, ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????, ??????? ???? ??? ?????(???? ??????,????:???)
?. ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???, ???? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????????? ???? ?????(???? ??, ????:??-??)
?. ?? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ????, ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??, ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???, ???? ????-????????, ???? ????? ????-????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??, ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????! ????? ???? ????? ?? ???(???? ??????,????:???)
In Islamic terminology, Hajj is a pilgrimage made to the Kaaba, the "House of Allah," in the sacred city of Makkah in Saudi Arabia. It is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, alongside Shahadah (oath that one believes there is no god but Allah (God)),[ "Surah Al-An'am - 19".] salat (prayer), zakat (almsgiving) and sawm (fasting during Ramadan). The Hajj is an annual practice when Muslim brotherhood is on display and their solidarity with fellow Muslim people and submission to God (Allah) is fulfilled.[ Nigosian, S. A. (2004). Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices. Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 111. ISBN 0-253-21627-3.
Hooker, M. B. (2008). Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic Law. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 228. ISBN 978-981-230-802-3. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2014. The word Hajj means "pilgrimage made to the Kaaba", a long pious journey taken by Muslims to cleanse their souls of all worldly sins, which connotes both the outward act of a journey after death and the inward act of good intentions.[ Adelowo, E. Dada, ed. (2014). Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III. Ibadan: HEBN Publishers Plc. p. 395. ISBN 978-978-081-447-2. Archived from the original on 28 November 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2015.] The rites of pilgrimage are performed over five to six days, extending from the 8th to the 12th or 13th[ 13th of Zil Hajj, heliohost.org, archived from the original on 28 October 2019, retrieved 29 March 2015] of Dhu al-Hijjah, the last month of the Islamic calendar.Because the Islamic calendar is lunar and the Islamic year is about eleven days shorter than the Gregorian year, the Gregorian date of Hajj changes from year to year. Holy Hajj can be performed on June 16 of 2024 AD (1445 AH), Dhu al-Hijjah subject to moon sighting.
The Hajj is associated with the life of the Islamic prophet Muhammad ? from the 7th century AD, but the ritual of pilgrimage to Makkah stated in Muslim sources stretches back to the time of Abraham (???????? ??????????)
Talbia
?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ???? ???????????? ?? ???????? ????
Labbaika Allahumma Labbaik, Labbaika Laa Sharika Laka Labbaik, Innal hamda wann'amata Laka Wal Mulk, Laa Shareeka Lak.
??????? : ????????? ??????????? ????????, ????????? ??- ?????? ???? ????????, ??????? ?????, ???? ??’???? ???? ???? ????, ??- ?????? ????
???? : ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????, ?? ??????! ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????, ????? ??? ???? ???, ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????, ??‘?? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?
During Hajj, pilgrims join processions of millions of Muslim people, who simultaneously converge on Mecca for the week of the Hajj, and perform a series of pre-Islamic rituals (reformed by Muhammad ?): each person wears a single piece of unstitched white clothing (Ihram), walks counter-clockwise seven times around the Kaaba (a cube-shaped building and the direction of prayer for Muslims), kiss the black stone mounted on the corner wall of Kaaba, walks briskly back and forth between the hills of Safa and Marwah seven times. Goes to the plains of Mount Arafat to stand in vigil, spends a night in the plain of Muzdalifa, and performs symbolic Stoning of the Devil by throwing stones at three pillars. After the sacrifice of cattle (which can be accomplished by using a voucher), the pilgrims then are required to either shave or trim their heads (if male) or trim the ends of their hair (if female). A celebration of the four-day global festival of Eid al-Adha proceeds afterwards.
[Sources: Karen Armstrong (2002). Islam: A Short History. Modern Library Chronicles (Revised Updated ed.). Modern Library. pp. 10–12. ISBN 0-8129-6618-X. "Eid ul Adha". BBC. 7 September 2009. Archived from the original on 4 October 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2012. Sahih Bukhari-hadith No-732-733]
Muslims may also undertake an Umrah (Arabic: ??????), or "lesser pilgrimage" to Makkah at other times of the year.
However, the Umrah is not a substitute for the Hajj and Muslims are still obligated to perform the Hajj at some other point in their lifetime if they have the means to do so (with financial solvency).[Source: Matt Stefon, ed. (2010). Islamic Beliefs and Practices. New York City: Britannica Educational Publishing. p.73. ISBN 978-1-61530-060-0]
The present pattern of Hajj was established by Muhammad ?.["Hajj". Encyclop?dia Britannica. 2014. Archived from the original on 24 September 2014. Retrieved 12 August 2014] However, according to the Quran, elements of Hajj trace back to the time of Abraham. According to Islamic tradition, Abraham (???????? ??????????) was ordered by Allah to leave his wife Hajar and his son Ishmael(???????? ??????????) alone in the desert of ancient Makkah. In search of water, Hajar desperately ran seven times between the two hills of Safa and Marwah but found none. Returning in despair to Ishmael, she saw the baby scratching the ground with his leg and a water fountain sprang forth underneath his foot.[Haykal, Muhammad Husayn (1994). The Life of Muhammad. The Other Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-983-9154-17-7. Archived from the original on 27 November 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2015.] Later, Abraham (???????? ??????????) was commanded to build the Kaaba (which he did with the help of Ishmael) and to invite people to perform pilgrimage there.[ Peters, F. E. (1994). The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 4–7. ISBN 0-691-02120-1. Archived from the original on 23 November 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2015.] The Quran refers to these incidents in verses 2:124–127 and 22:27–30.[n 1]
According to the tafsir of Zamakhshari (d. 1144 C.E.), the archangel Gabriel brought the Black Stone from Heaven to be attached to the Kaaba when it was built by the Prophet Abraham (???????? ??????????).[F.E. Peters (1994), The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage To Mecca and The Holy Places, Princeton University Press, p.6
?Al Mubarakpuri, Safi ur Rahman (2002). "Religions of the Arabs". The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet. Darussalam. p. 45. ISBN 9960-899-55-1. Archived from the original on 2 November 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2015.]
Ihram
Ihram is the name given to the special spiritual state, state of holiness, which marks the start of the ritual of Hajj for each person.[ Nigosian, S. A. (2004). Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices. Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 111. ISBN 0-253-21627-3.]["ihram". Encyclop?dia Britannica. 2014. Archived from the original on 7 October 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014] Ihram is initiated upon the arrival to the Miqat or prior to reaching it, depending on where they have come from.
When pilgrims enter into the state of Ihram, they are required to abstain from certain actions.?????? [ "Ihram – Summary". Hajj Portal. Archived from the original on 21 July 2008. Retrieved 20 November 2013.] While in ihram, males are required to wear two white seamless cloths, with one wrapped around the waist reaching below the knee and the other draped over the left shoulder and tied at the right side. For females this involves wearing ordinary dress that fulfills the Islamic condition of public dress with hands and face uncovered. Other prohibitions include refraining from clipping nails, shaving any part of the body, having sexual relations; using perfumes, damaging plants, killing animals, covering the head (for men) or the face and hands (for women); getting married; or carrying weapons.[ "ihram". Encyclop?dia Britannica. 2014. Archived from the original on 7 October 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.]
The Ihram is meant to show equality of all pilgrims in front of Allah, with no difference between the rich and the poor.[ Neusner, Jacob (2000). World Religions in America: An Introduction. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 178. ISBN 978-0-664-25839-9. Archived from the original on 6 April 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2014.] Donning such unsewn white garments entirely is believed to distance man from material ostentation, and engross him in a world of purity and spirituality, since clothes are believed to show individuality and distinction and create superficial barriers that separate individuals. The garments of Ihram are seen as the antithesis of that individualism. Ihram clothing is also a reminder of shrouds worn after death.[ "The Philosophy of Hajj Rituals". 3 January 2021. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2022.]
Tawaf and sa'ay
Direction of the tawaf around the Kaaba
The ritual of tawaf involves walking seven times counterclockwise around the Kaaba.[Long, Matthew (2011). Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures. Marshall Cavendish Corporation. p. 89. ISBN 978-0-7614-7926-0. Archived from the original on 23 November 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2014.] Upon arriving at Al-Masjid Al-?arām, pilgrims perform an arrival tawaf either as part of Umrah or as a welcome tawaf.[ Long, David E. (1979). The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah. SUNY Press. p. 16. ISBN 0-87395-382-7. Archived from the original on 19 February 2020. Retrieved 29 August 2017.] During tawaf, pilgrims also include Hateem – an area at the north side of the Kaaba – inside their path. Each circuit starts and ends with the kissing or touching of the Black Stone. Pilgrims also point to the stone and recite a prayer known as Talbiyah.[ Long, David E. (1979). The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah. SUNY Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-87395-382-5. Archived from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 29 August 2017.] If kissing or touching the stone is not possible because of crowds, pilgrims may simply point towards the stone with their right hand on each circuit. Eating is not permitted but the drinking of water is permitted and encouraged, because of the risk of dehydration. Men are encouraged to perform the first three circuits at a hurried pace, known as Ramal, and the following four at a more leisurely pace.[ Long, David E. (1979). The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah. SUNY Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-87395-382-5. Archived from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 29 August 2017.]
The completion of Tawaf is followed by two Rakaat prayers at the Place of Abraham (Muqam Ibrahim), a site near the Kaaba inside the mosque.[ Adelowo, E. Dada, ed. (2014). Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III. Ibadan: HEBN Publishers Plc. p. 401. ISBN 978-978-081-447-2. Archived from the original on 1 November 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2015.]
?However, again because of large crowds during the days of Hajj, they may instead pray anywhere in the mosque. After prayer, pilgrims also drink water from the Zamzam well, which is made available in coolers throughout the Mosque.[ "Pilgrims complain of Zamzam water shortage in Makkah". Arab News. 7 July 2014. Archived from the original on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2014.]
Although the circuits around the Kaaba are traditionally done on the ground level, tawaf is now also performed on the first floor and roof of the mosque because of the large crowds.
This rite is said to be the manifestation of Tawhid, the Oneness of Allah. The heart and soul of the pilgrim should move around Kaaba, the symbol of the House of Allah, in a way that no worldly attraction distracts him from this path. Only Tawhid should attract him. Tawaf also represents Muslims' unity. During tawaf, everyone encircles Kaaba collectively.[ "The Philosophy of Hajj Rituals". 3 January 2021. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2022.]
Tawaf is followed by sa'ay, running or walking seven times between the hills of Safa and Marwah, located near the Kaaba.[i) Long, Matthew (2011). Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures. Marshall Cavendish Corporation. p. 89. ISBN 978-0-7614-7926-0. Archived from the original on 23 November 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2014.][ii Adelowo, E. Dada, ed. (2014). Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III. Ibadan: HEBN Publishers Plc. p. 401. ISBN 978-978-081-447-2. Archived from the original on 1 November 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2015.] Previously in the open air, the place is now entirely enclosed by the Sacred Mosque, and can be accessed via air-conditioned tunnels.[ "Hajj". Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia. Archived from the original on 15 August 2014. Retrieved 12 August 2014.] Pilgrims are advised to walk the circuit, though two green pillars mark a short section of the path where they run. There is also an internal "express lane" for elderly or disabled people. After sa'ay, male pilgrims shave or trim their hair and women generally clip a portion of their hair, which completes the Umrah.
First day of Hajj: 8th Dhu al-Hijjah (Tarwiyah Day)
On the 8th Dhu al-Hijjah, the pilgrims are reminded of their duties. They again don the Ihram garments and confirm their intention to make the pilgrimage. The prohibitions of Ihram start now.
Mina
After the morning prayer on the 8th of Dhu al-Hijjah, the pilgrims proceed to Mina where they spend the whole day and offer noon (Note: On Friday, Friday Prayer is Offered, instead of Dhuhr Prayer, at Mina), afternoon, evening, and night prayers.[ Adelowo, E. Dada, ed. (2014). Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III. Ibadan: HEBN Publishers Plc. p. 403. ISBN 978-978-081-447-2. Archived from the original on 3 January 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2015.] The next morning after morning prayer, they leave Mina to go to Arafat.
Second day: 9th Dhu al-Hijjah (Arafah Day)
The 9th Dhul-Hijjah is known as Day of Arafah, and this day is called the Day of Hajj.[ Hilleary, Cecily (11 September 2016). "Muslims Mark Most Important Day of Hajj in Saudi Arabia". Archived from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 11 September 2016.]
Arafat
On 9th Dhu al-Hijjah before noon, pilgrims arrive at Arafat, a barren and plain land some 20 kilometres (12 mile) east of Makkah,[ Long, David E. (1979). The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah. SUNY Press. p. 19. ISBN 0-87395-382-7. Archived from the original on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2017.] where they stand in contemplative vigil: they offer supplications, repent on and atone for their past sins, and seek the mercy of Allah, and listen to the sermon from the Islamic scholars who deliver it from near Jabal al-Rahmah (The Mount of Mercy)[ Adelowo, E. Dada, ed. (2014). Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III. Ibadan: HEBN Publishers Plc. p. 403. ISBN 978-978-081-447-2. Archived from the original on 3 January 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2015.] from where Muhammad ? is said to have delivered his last sermon. Lasting from noon through sunset,[ Long, David E. (1979). The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah. SUNY Press. p. 19. ISBN 0-87395-382-7. Archived from the original on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2017.] this is known as 'standing before Allah' (wuquf), one of the most significant rites of Hajj.[ Nigosian, S. A. (2004). Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices. Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 111. ISBN 0-253-21627-3.]
Masjid al-Namirah
At Masjid al-Namirah, pilgrims offer noon and afternoon prayers together at noontime.[ Adelowo, E. Dada, ed. (2014). Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III. Ibadan: HEBN Publishers Plc. p. 403. ISBN 978-978-081-447-2. Archived from the original on 3 January 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2015.] A pilgrim's Hajj is considered invalid if they do not spend the afternoon on Arafat.[ Long, David E. (1979). The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah. SUNY Press. p. 19. ISBN 0-87395-382-7. Archived from the original on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2017.]
Muzdalifah
Pilgrims must leave Arafat for Muzdalifah after sunset without performing their maghrib (sunset) prayer at Arafat.[65] Muzdalifah is an area between Arafat and Mina. Upon reaching there, pilgrims perform Maghrib and Isha prayer jointly, spend the night praying and sleeping on the ground with open sky, and gather pebbles for the next day's ritual of the stoning of the Devil (Shaytan).[ Sahih Muslim-Hadith No 2941.2944]
Third day: 10th Dhu al-Hijjah (Qurban Day)
After the morning prayer, the Pilgrims move from Muzdalifah to Mina.
Ramy al-Jamarat
At Mina, the pilgrims perform symbolic Stoning of the Devil (Ramy al-Jamarat) by throwing seven stones from sunrise to sunset at only the largest of the three pillars, known as Jamrat al-Aqabah.[ al-Hasani, Abu Qanit al-Sharif (2009). The Guiding Helper: Main Text and Explanatory Notes. Lulu.com. p. 220. ISBN 978-1-4452-3791-6. Archived from the original on 2 November 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2015.] The remaining two pillars (jamarah) are not stoned on this day.[ "easyhajj.co.uk". easyhajj.co.uk. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 19 December 2011] These pillars are said to represent Satan.[ Nigosian (2004). Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices. Indiana University Press. p. 112. ISBN 0-253-21627-3.] Pilgrims climb ramps to the multi-levelled Jamaraat Bridge, from which they can throw their pebbles at the jamarat. Because of safety reasons, in 2004 the pillars were replaced by long walls, with catch basins below to collect the pebbles. Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures. Marshall Cavendish Corporation. 2011. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-7614-7926-0. Archived from the original on 23 November 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
Eid al-Adha :Animal sacrificing
After the stoning of the Devil, cattle (Surah 22:34-36) are sacrificed to commemorate the story of Ibrahim and Ismael. Traditionally the pilgrims slaughtered the animal themselves or oversaw the slaughtering. Today many pilgrims buy a sacrifice voucher in Makkah before the greater Hajj begins, which allows an animal to be slaughtered in the name of God (Allah) on the 10th, without the pilgrim being physically present. Modern abattoirs complete the processing of the meat, which is then sent as a charity to poor people around the world.[ "Hajj". Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia. Archived from the original on 15 August 2014. Retrieved 12 August 2014.] At the same time as the sacrifices occur at Makkah, Muslims worldwide perform similar sacrifices, in a three-day global festival called Eid al-Adha.[ "Eid ul Adha". BBC. 7 September 2009. Archived from the original on 4 October 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2012.]
Hair removal
After sacrificing an animal, another important rite of Hajj is the shaving or trimming of head hair (known as Halak). All male pilgrims shave their head or trim their hair on the day of Eid al Adha and female pilgrims cut the tips of their hair.[ "Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca". BBC. 8 September 2009. Archived from the original on 3 November 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
?Long (1979). The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah. SUNY Press. p. 21. ISBN 0-87395-382-7. Archived from the original on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
?Sahih Muslim Hadith no:2985,2994]
Tawaf –e-Ziyarat
On the same or the following day, the pilgrims re-visit the Sacred Mosque in Makkah for another tawaf, known as Tawaf al-Ifadah, an essential part of Hajj.[ Long (1979). The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah. SUNY Press. p. 21. ISBN 0-87395-382-7. Archived from the original on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 29 August 2017.]
It symbolizes being in a hurry to respond to Allah and show love for Him, an obligatory part of Hajj. The night of the 10th is spent back at Mina.
Fourth day: 11th Dhu al-Hijjah
Starting from noon to sunset on the 11 Dhu al-Hijjah (and again the following day), the pilgrims again throw seven pebbles at each of the three pillars in Mina. This is commonly known as the "Stoning of the Devil".[ al-Hasani, Abu Qanit al-Sharif (2009). The Guiding Helper: Main Text and Explanatory Notes. Lulu.com. p. 220. ISBN 978-1-4452-3791-6. Archived from the original on 2 November 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2015.]
Fifth day: 12th Dhu al-Hijjah
On 12 Dhu al-Hijjah, the same process of the stoning of the pillars as of 11 Dhu al-Hijjah takes place.[Aforesaid] Pilgrims may leave Mina for Makkah before sunset on the 12th.
Last day at Mina: 13th Dhu al-Hijjah
If unable to leave on the 12th before sunset or opt to stay longer, they must perform the stoning ritual again on the 13th before returning to Makkah.[ al-Hasani, Abu Qanit al-Sharif (2009). The Guiding Helper: Main Text and Explanatory Notes. Lulu.com. p. 220. ISBN 978-1-4452-3791-6. Archived from the original on 2 November 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2015.]
Tawaf al-Wadaa
Finally, before leaving Makkah, pilgrims perform a farewell tawaf called the Tawaf al-Wadaa. 'Wadaa' means 'to bid farewell'. The pilgrims circle the Kaaba seven times counter-clockwise, and if they can, attempt to touch or kiss the Kaaba.[ Sheikho, Mohammad Amin; Al-Dayrani, A. K. John Alias (19 July 2017). Pilgrimage "Hajj": The Fifth High Grade of Al-Taqwa. BookRix. ISBN 978-3-7309-9606-5. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2022.]
Significance of Hajj
To Muslims, Hajj is associated with religious as well as social significance.[ Sheikh, Aziz, ed. (2008). Caring for Muslim Patients. Radcliffe Publishing. p. 96. ISBN 978-1-85775-812-2. Archived from the original on 29 November 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2014.] The obligation for performing this pilgrimage is only fulfilled if it is done on the eighth to twelfth day of the last month of the Islamic calendar. If in a given year, an adult Muslim is in good health and their life and wealth are safe, they must perform the Hajj in the same year. Delaying it is considered sinful unless the delay is caused by reasons beyond their control.
[Source: Musharraf, Hussain (2012). The Five Pillars of Islam: Laying the Foundations of Divine Love and Service to Humanity. Leicestershire, UK: Kube Publishing. pp. 204–205. ISBN 9781847740236]
Apart from being an obligatory religious duty, the Hajj is seen to have a spiritual merit that provides Muslims with an opportunity of self-renewal.
[Source: Sheikh, Aziz, ed. (2008). Caring for Muslim Patients. Radcliffe Publishing. p. 96. ISBN 978-1-85775-812-2. Archived from the original on 29 November 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2014]
Hajj serves as a reminder of the Day of Judgment when Muslims believe people will stand before God.[ Powell, William (1982). Saudi Arabia and Its Royal Family. Lyle Stuart. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-8184-0326-2. Retrieved 7 October 2014.]
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Hadith literature (sayings of Muhammad ?) lists various merits a pilgrim achieves upon successful completion of their Hajj.[ For example, one such Hadith says Abu Huraira quoted Muhammad as saying: "Whoever performs Hajj for Allah's pleasure and does not have sexual relations with his wife, and does not do evil or sins then he will return (after Hajj free from all sins) as if he were born anew."Sahih al-Bukhari, 2:26:596] After successful pilgrimage, pilgrims can prefix their names with the title 'Al-Hajji', and are held with respect in Muslim society.
However, Islamic scholars suggest Hajj should signify a Muslim's religious commitment, and should not be a measurement of their social status.[ Andrea Schulte-Peevers (2010). Oman, UAE & Arabian Peninsula. Lonely Planet. p. 67. ISBN 978-1-74179-145-7. Archived from the original on 26 October 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2015.] Hajj brings together and unites the Muslims from different parts of the world irrespective of their race, colour, and culture, which acts as a symbol of equality.[ Nigosian, S. A. (2004). Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices. Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 111. ISBN 0-253-21627-3.][ "Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca". BBC. 8 September 2009. Archived from the original on 3 November 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2014.]
A 2008 study on the impact of participating in the Islamic pilgrimage found that Muslim communities become more positive and tolerant after Hajj. Titled Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering and conducted in conjunction with Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government, the study noted that the Hajj "increases belief in equality and harmony among ethnic groups and Islamic sects and leads to more favourable attitudes toward women, including greater acceptance of female education and employment" and that "Hajjis show increased belief in peace, equality and harmony among adherents of different religions."[Kremer, Michael; Khwaja, Asim Ijaz; Clingingsmith, David (April 2008). "Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering". Papers.ssrn.com. SSRN 1124213]
?Arrangement and facilities
Most of the Hajj-related issues are handled by the?Ministry of Hajj and Umrah of KSA. https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-e&q=ministry+of+hajj+and+umrah+saudi+arabia
Making necessary arrangements each year for the growing number of pilgrims poses a logistic challenge for the government of?Saudi Arabia, which has, since the 1950s, spent more than $100?billion to increase pilgrimage facilities.[Source: Campo, Juan E., ed. (2009). "Hajj". Encyclopedia of Islam. Facts On File. p.?283. ISBN?978-0-8160-5454-1. Archived from the original on 6 April 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2020. ][ Harrison, David, ed. (2001). Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies. CABI. p.?156. ISBN?978-0-85199-433-8. Archived from the original on 27 November 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2014.]?
Ministry of Hajj and Umrah (Saudi Arabia)
The Ministry of Hajj and Umrah (MHU) (Arabic: ????? ???? ???????) is a government ministry in Saudi Arabia which is responsible for supervising the facilitation of essential services to the pilgrims arriving in the country for Hajj and Umrah purposes,[Sources: i) ·? "About the Ministry | Ministry of Haj and Umra". www.haj.gov.sa. Retrieved 2018-10-11.
?ii) "Ministry of Hajj announces registration dates for Saudi Arabia-based pilgrims". Arab News. 2018-05-05. Retrieved 2018-10-11) including overseeing their secure transportation and movement to the holy cities of Mecca and Medina.
It mainly coordinates between different sectors working for Hajj and Umrah operations as well as between different Hajj-related agencies in Muslim countries and worldwide.
Moreover, the Ministry is responsible for developing plans, implementing and supervising the services provided to pilgrims and visitors of the Two Holy Mosques.[ "Focusing our Efforts to Serve Hajj and Umrah Visitors". www.saudi.gov.sa. Archived from the original on 2019-02-12. Retrieved 2019-02-10.]
The cities of Mecca and Medina, where Muslims perform Hajj and Umrah, both come under Saudi Arabian jurisdiction.
The Ministry has recently launched an application to issued e-visa for umrah visitors and pilgrims.[ "E-service for Umrah expanded". Arab News. 2013-01-07. Retrieved 2019-03-05.]
The minister of Hajj and Umrah is Tawfig Al-Rabiah, who succeeded Dr. Issam bin Saad bin Saeed in 2021.[ "King Salman issues several royal orders, appoints Al-Rabiah as new Hajj minister". Saudigazette. 2021-10-15. Retrieved 2021-10-16. Courtesy of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Hajj_and_Umrah_(Saudi_Arabia)#cite_note-5]
Hajj and Umrah Information
For details please following site search in Google
Major issues like housing, transportation, sanitation, and health care have been addressed and improved greatly by the government by introducing various development programs, with the result that pilgrims now enjoy modern facilities and perform various rites at ease.[ "Hajj". Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia. Archived from the original on 15 August 2014. Retrieved 12 August 2014.]?
The Saudi government often sets quotas for various countries to keep the pilgrims' number at a manageable level, and arranges huge security forces and CCTV cameras to maintain overall safety during Hajj.[ Campo, Juan E., ed. (2009). "Hajj". Encyclopedia of Islam. Facts On File. p.?283. ISBN?978-0-8160-5454-1. Archived from the original on 6 April 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2020.][ Harrison, David, ed. (2001). Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies. CABI. p.?156. ISBN?978-0-85199-433-8. Archived from the original on 27 November 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2014.][ "Dhaka seeks reconsidering 20pc cut in Hajj pilgrims quota". The Daily Star. 19 February 2014. Archived from the original on 7 March 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2014.][ "Hajj pilgrimage 2011: by numbers". The Daily Telegraph. 3 November 2011. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2014.]?Various institutions and government programs, such as the?Haj subsidy?offered in Pakistan or the?Tabung Haji?based in Malaysia assist pilgrims in covering the costs of the journey.[ "History of Haj Announcement India". Government of Uttar Pradesh, India. https://ww25.uphajcommittee.com/history.htm?subid1=20240519-1210-05bd-984d-536cd6bcf98d]?For the 2014 Hajj, special Hajj information desks were set up at?Pakistani airports?to assist the pilgrims.[ "First Hajj flight leaves for Jeddah". The News International. 29 August 2014.]?For the benefit of pilgrims from?India?and?Pakistan,?Urdu?signs were also introduced at the mosques.[Source:"Pakistani pilgrims praise Saudi authorities for introducing Urdu signage at Holy Mosques". Arab News PK. 1 November 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2023, Courtesy of: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj.]
Noted that we have informed Sunday, 28 day of April, 2024 on the occasion of Umrah Ziarah(visit)? by our Muallim Maulana Jakir Hossain, Director, Al Ameen Hajj Agency, Hathajari, Chattogram,Bangladesh during passing tour bus from Makkah Muazzima to Umm Al Qura University that now the University is closed due to deliver proper service of its students to the performers of Hajj-e-Baitullah of 1445 Hijrah. He told that 107 countries students are being studded Umm Al Qura University. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Qura_University
?Ziarah to Madina Munwara
During their Ziarah (journey) for Hajj, pilgrims traditionally also travel to the city of Madina Munwara (approximately 450 kilometres (280 mi) to the northeast), in particular to pray at the Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (Mosque of the Prophet),[ Al Masry, Ahmed (15 September 2006). "Muslim pilgrims flock to Medina after performing Hajj". aa.com.tr. Anadolu Agency. Archived from the original on 6 April 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2021] which contains the tomb of Muhammad ?.[ "Hajj". Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia. Archived from the original on 15 August 2014. Retrieved 12 August 2014.] The Quba Mosque and Masjid al-Qiblatayn are also usually visited.[Norani Noridin; Nordin Yusof (2008). A life that matters: a spiritual experience. The Other Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-967-5062-02-5. Archived from the original on 6 April 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2020]
Eid al-Adha
?Eid al-Adha (/?i?d ?l ?ɑ?d?/ EED ?l AH-d?; Arabic: ??? ??????, romanized: ?īd al-?A??ā, IPA: [??i?d al??ad??a?]) or the Feast of Sacrifice is the second of the two main holidays celebrated in Islam (the other being Eid al-Fitr).
Eid al-Adha is pronounced?Eid al-Azha?and?Eidul Azha, primarily in Iran and influenced by the Persian language like the Indian subcontinent;?/?i?d??l??ɑ?d?,?-??ɑ?dhɑ?/?EED??l?AH-d?, -?AHD-hah;?Arabic:???? ??????,?romanized:??īd al-?A??ā,?IPA:?[?i?d?al???ad??a?].[Source:: "Definition of Eid al-Adha | Dictionary.com". www.dictionary.com. Retrieved 20 July 2021.]
The holiday is called???? ???????(Eid-al-Adha) or?????? ???????(Eid-al-Kabir) in Arabic.[ Noakes, Greg (April–May 1992). "Issues in Islam, All About Eid". Washington Report on Middle East Affairs. Retrieved 28 December 2011.]?The words??????(a??ā) and???????(qurbān) are synonymous in meaning 'sacrifice' (animal sacrifice), 'offering' or 'oblation'. The first word comes from the triliteral root?????(?a??ā) with the associated meanings "immolate; offer up; sacrifice; victimize".[Source: Team, Almaany. "Translation and Meaning of ??? In English, English Arabic Dictionary of terms Page 1". almaany.com. Archived from the original on 26 August 2019. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
???- ????? ???? ??? ???? ????????????? ?
100. “ O my Lord ! grant me A righteous (son) !”
???- ?????????????? ????????? ??????? ?
101. So We gave him The good news Of a boy ready To suffer and forbear.
103. So when they had both Submitted their wills (to Allah), And he had laid him Prostrate on his forehead (For sacrifice),
???- ?????????????? ??? ??? ???????????? ?
104. We called out to him, “ O Abraham !
???- ???? ????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?
105. “ Thou hast already fulfilled The vision !”—thus indeed Do We reward Those who do right.
???- ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?
106. For this was obviously A trial—
???- ????????????? ???????? ??????? ?
107. And We ransomed him With a momentous sacrifice :
???- ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ?
108. And We left (this blessing) For him among generations (To come) in later times :
???- ??????? ?????? ???????????? ?
109. “ Peace and salutation To Abraham !”
???- ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?
110. Thus indeed do We reward Those who do right.
???- ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????????????? ?
111. For he was one Of Our believing Servants.
???- ?????????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ?
112. And We gave him The good news Of Isaac—a prophet,— One of the Righteous.
(Sources: Al Quraan: Sūra 37: Sāffāt, or Those Ranged in Ranks,Ayat:100-101,103-112, Verses 182 — Makki; Revealed at Makkah,a — Sections 5, https://quranyusufali.com/37/
?A brief history of Eid al-Adha
One of the main trials of Abraham's(???????? ??????????) life was to receive and obey the command of Allah to slaughter his beloved son. According to the narrative, Abraham (???????? ??????????) kept having dreams that he was sacrificing his son. Abraham(???????? ??????????) knew that this was a command from Allah and he told his son, as stated in the Quran:
???- ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ? ??????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????????????? ?
102. Then, when (the son) Reached (the age of) (Serious) work with him, He said : “ O my son ! I see in vision That I offer thee in sacrifice : Now see what is Thy view !” (The son) said : “ O my father ! Do As thou art commanded : Thou will find me, If God so wills one Practicing Patience and Constancy !”—?Surah As-Saaffat 37:102
Abraham (???????? ??????????) prepared to submit to the will of Allah and to slaughter his son as an act of faith and obedience to Allah.[20] During the preparation, Iblis (Satan) tempted Abraham (???????? ??????????) and his family by trying to dissuade them from carrying out Allah's commandment, and Abraham(???????? ??????????) drove Iblis away by throwing pebbles at him. In commemoration of their rejection of Iblis, stones are thrown during Hajj rites at symbolic pillars, symbolising the place at which Iblis tried to dissuade Abraham (???????? ??????????).[ Firestone, Reuven (1990). Journeys in Holy Lands: The Evolution of the -Ishmael Legends in Islamic Exegesis. SUNY Press. p.?98. ISBN?978-0791403310.]
Acknowledging that Abraham (???????? ??????????) was willing to sacrifice what is dear to him, Allah honoured both Abraham (???????? ??????????) and his son. Angel Gabriel (Jibreel) (???????? ??????????) called Abraham (???????? ??????????), "O' Ibrahim, you have fulfilled the revelations." and a ram from heaven was offered by Angel Gabriel (???????? ??????????) to prophet Abraham (???????? ??????????) to slaughter instead of his son. Many Muslims celebrate Eid al Adha to commemorate both the devotion of Abraham and the survival of his son Ishmael (???????? ??????????).[Sources: ·? "The Significance of Hari Raya Aidiladha". muslim.sg. Archived from the original on 14 June 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
·?Elias, Jamal J. (1999). Islam. Routledge. p.?75. ISBN?978-0-415-21165-9. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
·? Muslim Information Service of Australia. "Eid al – Adha Festival of Sacrifice". Missionislam.com.]
In Islamic tradition, it honours the willingness of Abraham (???????? ??????????) to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to God's command. Depending on the narrative, either Ishmael or Isaac is referred to with the honorific title "Sacrifice of Allah".[Source: Firestone, Reuven (January 1990). Journeys in Holy Lands: The Evolution of the Abraham-Ishmael Legends in Islamic Exegesis. SUNY Press. ISBN?978-0-7914-0331-0.]
However, before Abraham (???????? ??????????) could sacrifice his son in the name of Allah, and because of his willingness to do so, Allah provided him with a lamb to sacrifice in his son's place. In commemoration of this intervention, animals such as lambs are sacrificed.
The meat of the sacrificed animal is divided into three portions: one part of the meat is consumed by the family that offers the animal, one portion is for friends and relatives, while the rest of the meat is distributed to the poor and the needy. Sweets and gifts are given, and extended family members typically visit and are welcomed.[Source: "Id al-Adha". Oxford Islamic Studies Online. Archived from the original on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2020.] The day is also sometimes called the "Greater Eid" (Arabic: ????? ??????, romanized: al-?īd al-Kabīr).[Source: "Id al-Adha". Oxford Islamic Studies Online. Archived from the original on 10 April 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2020.]
Courtesy of: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eid_al-Adha
?“There are two key Eid’s (Celebration Festivals) in Islam: Eid-ul-Fitr, which signifies the completion of the Holy Month of Ramadan; and?Eid-ul-Adha, the greater Eid, which follows the completion of the annual Hajj pilgrimage, at the time of?Qurbani?(sacrifice).
Although Eid-ul-Adha has no direct relation to the Hajj Pilgrimage, it is but a day after the completion of Hajj and therefore has significance in time.”
Eid al-Adha, the second of two great Muslim festivals, the other being Eid al-Fitr. Eid al-Adha marks the culmination of the hajj (pilgrimage) rites at Minā, Saudi Arabia, near Mecca, but is celebrated by Muslims throughout the world. As with Eid al-Fitr, it is distinguished by the performance of communal prayer (?alāt) at daybreak on its first day. It begins on the 10th of Dhū al-?ijjah, the last month of the Islamic calendar, and continues for an additional three days (though the Muslim use of a lunar calendar means that it may occur during any season of the year). During the festival, families that can afford to sacrifice a ritually acceptable animal (sheep, goat, camel, or cow) do so and then divide the flesh equally among themselves, the poor, and friends and neighbours. Eid al-Adha is also a time for visiting with friends and family and for exchanging gifts. This festival commemorates the ransom with a ram of the biblical patriarch Ibrāhīm’s (Abraham’s) son Ismā?īl (Ishmael)—rather than Isaac, as in Judeo-Christian tradition. See also mawlid; ?āshūrā?.
Umm al-Qura University, Makkah Al Muazzima, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Umm al-Qura University (UQU; Arabic: ????? ?? ?????, romanized:?Jāmi?ah ?Umm al-Qurā, lit.?'Mother of All Settlements') is a public university in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The university was established as the College of Sharia (Islamic law) in 1949 during the reign of King Abdulaziz ibn Saud before being joined by new colleges and renamed as Umm al-Qura through a royal decree in 1981.[Sources i) ?? "Qs page about Umm Al-Qura University".
The College of Da'wa 'Islamic Call' and Fundamentals of Religion was established on 21/12/1401 A.H (20 October 1981) by the Royal Decree No. 27278/32/3. This college is considered as an extension of the two ancient colleges; College of Shari`ah and Islamic Studies and College of Education. It was renamed into "the College of Da'wa and Usul-ud-Din" which means "College of Islamic Call and Fundamentals of Religion".[Source: "Overview of College of Da'wa 'Islamic Call' and Fundamentals of Religion"]
By the beginning of the academic year 1402/1403 A.H (1982-1983), the College started to offer courses and it included four departments for both male and female students, However, by the academic year 1404/1405 A.H (1984-1985), the Department of the Qur'an and Sunna was inaugurated by virtue of resolution No. 30/4/16/6827/1, issued on 22/07/1404 A.H (23 April 1984), according to the resolution of university's high council during its second session dated 25/06/1404 A.H (28 March 1984), which required moving the Department of the Qur'an and Sunna from the College of Shari`ah (Islamic Law) to the College of Da'wa and Usul-ud-Din (Call to Islam and Religion's Fundamentals).
As of Rajab 1390 (September 1970), the College of Education became a university college when it was merged into and became part of King Abdulaziz University, from Rajab 1390 (September 1970) until Rajab 1401 A.H (May 1981) when it finally joined Umm Al-Qura University.[Source: "Overview of College of Education".] During this period, academic departments were established successively and the college eventually comprised the several departments:[Source: "Departments of College of Education".]
In 1986, the late King Fahd Ibn Abdul Aziz, laid down the cornerstone of the new campus of Umm Al-Qura University in Abidiyyah and issued directives to adopt necessary preparations and steps for the establishment of a college for medicine and medical sciences as well as a university hospital for the college students' education and training. In 1995, the resolution of the Universities Higher Council on the conversion of "Medical Sciences Department" to the "College of Medicine and Medical Sciences." The first class of female students was admitted to the College of Medicine and Medical Sciences in 1998. In 2005, the separation between the Medical Sciences Department and the College of Medicine was approved that the Department became an independent college nominated, "College of Medical Applied Sciences" to encompass four academic specialities:[Sources:i)? ?? "Overview of College of Applied medical Science". ii)"Departments of College of Applied medical Science] Courtesy of: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al-Qura_University
King Fahd National Library: Place of acquiring Islamic Knowledge
The King Fahd National Library (KFNL, Arabic: ????? ????? ??? ???????) is the legal deposit and copyright library for Saudi Arabia. KFNL was established in 1983 in response to an initiative made by the people of Riyadh when King Fahd ascended the throne. The project was announced in 1983 and the implementation started in 1986. Now to this day, the library is known for its sustainability and up-to-date energy concepts.[Source: "King Fahad National Library". Gerber Architekten.]
The library was established in 1990[ Ayman Shabana (17 December 2009), "Saudi Arabia: Libraries, Archives and Museums", in Marcia J. Bates (ed.), Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press (published 2010), ISBN?9780849397127] and is based in Riyadh.[ "Cultural Institutions". Saudi Embassy (Washington DC). Archived from the original on 24 August 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.] Among its special collections are the libraries of Ihsan Abbas, Sheikh Muhammad Ibn Abd al Aziz al Mani, Sheikh Abd Allah Ibn Muhammad Ibn Khamis, Sheikh Uthman Ibn Hamad al Haqil, Sheikh Muhammad Husayn Zaydan, Fawzan Ibn Abd al Aziz al Fawzan, Yusuf Ibrahim al Sallum, Muhammad Musa al Salim, Sheikh Muhammad Mansur al Shaqha, Sheikh Abd Allah Abd al Aziz al Anqari, Sheikh Abd Allah Ibn Umar al Sheikh, Sheikh Abd Allah Ibn Muhammad al Nasban, and Sheikh Husayn Ibn Abd Allah al Jarisi.
There was a desire of the people of the city of Riyadh to express their feelings of love and loyalty to the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques. So to express by setting up a memorial build, was the announcement of the Library Project at the ceremony, which held in 1983 which received the support of material from the state itself.
Publishing
King Fahd National Library Act assures the library role in contribution and publishing of researches, studies and library and information services guides, so, the library published a lot of books, references and guides to serve its customers. To promote library and information services and the history of Saudi Arabia sources, the library issued (King Fahd National Library Journal), a semi-annual journal beside (King Fahd National Library Abstracts Bulletin)
Manuscript Heritage Safety
Manuscripts have a great importance in history, link tool between past and present, manuscript is a register of peoples heritage, their customs and traditions, culture and development, therefore, loss of manuscript means loss of history. Manuscript heritage safety act, issued by a royal decree No. (m/23) dated, (16/5/1422 A.H.) that represents an important ring in the chain of Saudi cultural system. This system is one of the most tasks of the national library. Through this system, King Fahd National library tries to register all the original manuscripts kept in the governmental and non-governmental institutions and individuals by giving it a number and a certificate of ownership that includes owner of the manuscript's name, the title, the author and the date of writing, this information help the owner in case of lost, sale or if he wanted to take it outside the kingdom.
Services offered to individual owners of original manuscripts
1-Registration certificate of manuscript. 2-Scientific form of manuscript data. 3-Manuscript photocopy upon owner's request. 4-Sterilization of manuscript, that makes it last. 5-Entering manuscript data in Saudi Union Manuscript Catalogue.
It may be noted that during the period of performing Umrah 21 April to 4 May,2024, we found as a branch of the King Fahd National Library at the top of western side of Masjidul Haram, Gate No 90. We saw, there are country-wise huge Islamic Books at the library.?
?????????? ??????? ????? ??????????????? ?
?Praise be to Allah, The Cherisher and Sustainer of the Worlds ;
(Source: ?Sūra 1: Fātiha, Ayat: 1, https://quranyusufali.com/1).
?When we found this, we used to attend the Library regularly with a view to acquire Islamic basic knowledge.???
"Wa ?antum fa-jazākumu-llāhu khayran" ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????
And you too, may Allah reward to authority of KFNL for unique serving.?????????
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