The Working Principle, Design and Application of LED Printed Circuit Board

As the world of technology continues to evolve, the field of LEDs is constantly being innovated. LED cases are a field that involves combining two technological approaches in order to propose more effective alternatives when addressing the intended purpose. This article offers the advantages of longevity and durability and this article will explain in detail about how LED printed circuit boards (PCBs) work, how they are designed and how they are assembled and processed.

What is an LED printed circuit board (PCB)

It is a PCB used for lighting in modern LED light bulbs etc. The material used in the manufacture of PCBs today is metallic copper clad with very good heat dissipation properties. In general, we should note that the single-layer LED printed circuit board PCB consists of three layers, namely the circuit layer, the ceramic layer and the insulation layer.

The LEDs are placed directly in the circuit layer where they are mounted.

The heat emitted from the LEDs is quickly connected to the substrate layer for heat dissipation, which is done through the insulation layer and then dissipated through the backing layer. Copper, aluminium and iron are the most commonly used materials for the thermal conductivity layer as they are readily available. Iron cores are mostly used in high-end PCBs for motors with high heat dissipation.

LED printed circuit board PCB working principle：

LEDs are mounted on the surface of the circuit layer. The heat generated by the PCB during operation is quickly transferred through the insulating layer to the metal base layer and then this heat is transferred out through the metal base layer to dissipate the heat from the device.

Types of LED PCBs

Single layer LED PCB

This consists of a substrate layer and a conductive layer. A soldermask layer together with screen printing provides protection for these layers. This type of LED PCB does not have any circuit layers on the back side, they are very thin in construction and very weightless.

Double-layer LED PCBs

When you compare it to a single layer PCB you will notice that it has two copper layers, which obviously makes them heavier as the number of conductive layers has also been increased to two. Double-layer PCBs are very durable because this type of circuit layer can withstand the high currents applied and has an optimal heat dissipation mechanism.

Considerations when designing LED PCBs

Ideal board PCB design: You must figure out which ideal board design should be used. In engineering, it all starts with the design.

Choosing the right orientation: When we talk about orientation, we are concerned with how to achieve the flow of the circuit from one end to the other. The way data and current flow through the circuit is what we mean by orientation.

Component placement: As well as the circuitry and the obvious LEDs, there are many other components that make up a printed circuit board. These include resistors, capacitors etc. The components should be placed so as to avoid the solder side of the board, as the solder is located behind the through-hole side of the board.

Definition of net width design: The design path will vary with the size of the alignment due to the different currents consumed in the circuit, which will also affect the net width of this design result.

Cost optimisation and budget issues: This is how the overall budget for designing the PCB will rise. Therefore, this must also be taken into account when proposing LED PCBs.

Areas of application for LED printed circuit board PCBs

Consumer lighting

This is one of the common applications for LED PCBs and they are used to great effect in consumer lighting from flashing lights, lamps, spotlights and lanterns to solar lighting applications.

Consumer electronics

LEDs are also becoming a common application in electronic devices, such as computer keyboard backlights. Other devices using this technology are smartphones, tablets and TVs.

Telecommunications

Telecom displays and indicators use LED PCBS because of their durability, heat transfer capability and long life, as telecom gadgets generate a lot of heat.

Transport

LEDs have many uses in the traffic and transport industry, from parking lights to the cars themselves. In cars, such PCs can be found in headlights, fog lights, brake lights, reversing lights and indicators. motorway tunnel lighting also uses this technology. Modern street lighting systems are completed using LED PCBs.

Medical field

Medical lighting for medical examinations and procedures and lighting for medical equipment often use this type of LED PCB.

As a professional one-stop PCBA service provider, 2PCB can provide professional LED PCB printed circuit board services from manufacturing to assembly, if you want to do PCB design you can contact us.

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