Git is a widely used distributed version control system that allows multiple developers to collaborate on a project. Here is an overview of some common Git commands and a typical Git workflow:
- git init: Initializes a new Git repository in your project folder.
- git clone <repository URL>: Creates a local copy of a remote repository.
- git add <file>: Stages a file for commit. You can also use git add . to stage all changes.
- git commit -m "Your commit message": Commits the staged changes with a descriptive message.
- git status: Shows the status of your working directory and staged changes.
- git pull: Fetches changes from a remote repository and integrates them into your local branch.
- git push: Pushes your local commits to a remote repository.
- git branch: Lists all local branches. Use -a to see remote branches as well.
- git checkout <branch>: Switches to a different branch.
- git merge <branch>: Merges changes from one branch into another.
- git fetch: Fetches changes from a remote repository but doesn't merge them.
- git log: Shows a history of commits in the current branch.
- Initialization: Start by creating a new Git repository with git init or clone an existing one with git clone.
- Working on Changes: Make changes to your files, and use git add to stage them.
- Committing Changes: Use git commit to create a snapshot of the staged changes with a meaningful commit message.
- Branching: Create and switch to new branches with git checkout -b <branch_name> to work on specific features or bug fixes.
- Merging: Once a branch's changes are ready, merge it back into the main branch (e.g., main or master) using git merge`.
- Pulling and Pushing: Before pushing your changes to a remote repository, pull any new changes with git pull. Then, push your local commits with git push.
- Collaboration: Share your work with others by pushing changes to a remote repository, and collaborate on the same codebase.
- Resolving Conflicts: In case of conflicts during merges, resolve them by editing the conflicting files, then commit the changes.
- Review and History: Review the project's history using git log and manage branches as necessary.
- Cleanup: Delete branches that are no longer needed with git branch -d <branch_name>.
Remember that Git is a powerful tool, and the workflow can be adapted to the specific needs of your project. Collaboration, communication, and adherence to best practices are crucial for successful Git-based project management.
