Why water resources are a hot geopolitical topic

Droughts and the availability of water have become significant issues in geopolitical terms as they affect the political, social, and economic stability of countries worldwide. Water scarcity is a growing concern that affects almost every aspect of life, from food production to health and sanitation. The lack of access to clean water leads to conflicts over resources and poses a threat to peace and security.

In recent years, water scarcity has sparked tensions between countries sharing river basins such as the Nile or Mekong River. The competition for limited resources has led to disputes over dam construction, pollution control measures, and allocation of resources. For instance, Egypt heavily relies on the Nile for irrigation purposes but fears that the construction of Ethiopia’s Grand Renaissance Dam will impact its water supply. Similarly, India and Pakistan dispute over the Indus River basin which provides vital irrigation for agriculture in both countries.

Iran is one of the most water-stressed countries in the world, with an average annual precipitation rate of only 240 mm compared to the global average of 860 mm. The country’s population has grown rapidly over the past few decades and agriculture, which accounts for about 90% of Iran’s water consumption, has also expanded significantly. These factors coupled with climate change effects such as droughts have led to severe water shortages in many parts of Iran.

Despite efforts by the Iranian government to address these issues by constructing dams and promoting water conservation measures, the situation seems to be worsening.

Access to clean water is a fundamental human right, yet it remains a pressing issue for many countries across the globe. While Europe and America are generally perceived as affluent regions with robust infrastructure and resources, concerns have been raised about their fresh water supplies. The issue of access to safe and sufficient drinking water has long been a global challenge, but recent events such as droughts, pollution and climate change have exacerbated this problem in these two continents.

Access to water has been a source of conflict throughout history. Countries have fought over water resources, especially in arid regions where fresh water supplies are scarce. While there have been many disputes over water rights and usage, few wars have been fought solely over this issue.

The first recorded conflict over water dates back to 2500 B.C. when the city-states of Lagash and Umma went to war over the use of irrigation canals in Mesopotamia. In modern times, tensions between countries sharing river basins or aquifers have risen due to increased demand for fresh water as population growth and industrialisation continue at an unprecedented rate.

However, wars caused by issues with freshwater supply are rare. Rather than waging war on each other, most countries resolve their disputes through diplomacy or international agreements that allow them to share the limited resources they possess. Whether that remains the case in years to come remains to be seen.

Written by Chris Hunter Marketing Manager Full Circle Continuous Improvement