Why has India not used any missiles in any wars with Pakistan?
Suhail Haque
Author | Blogger | Content Writer | Consultant | Learning & Development Specialist | Application & VISA SOP Writer | Ex-TCS
India has not used missiles extensively during past conflicts with Pakistan and China for several reasons, including strategic considerations, the nature of the conflicts, and the broader geopolitical context. Here are some key factors:
Strategic Restraint
India has generally exercised strategic restraint and avoided the first use of missiles in conflicts. The use of missiles, especially those with nuclear capabilities, could escalate the situation and have severe consequences. India has adhered to a policy of no first use (NFU) of nuclear weapons, and this principle extends to missile usage.
Avoiding Escalation
The use of missiles, particularly ballistic missiles, carries the risk of escalation, leading to a broader and more destructive conflict. Both India and its adversaries recognize the potential for escalation, and there is a mutual interest in avoiding actions that could spiral out of control.
International Perception
The use of missiles, especially in densely populated regions, could have significant international repercussions. India has been mindful of its global image and the potential diplomatic fallout that might occur if it were perceived as using advanced weaponry excessively or disproportionately.
Focus on Conventional Operations
In conflicts with Pakistan and China, India has primarily focused on conventional military operations. The use of missiles may be seen as a last resort or reserved for situations where there is a critical military necessity. Conventional forces, including the army and air force, have been the primary instruments of engagement.
De-escalation Mechanisms
In various instances of conflict, both India and its adversaries have sought to establish and maintain de-escalation mechanisms. The use of missiles could undermine these mechanisms, making it more challenging to bring conflicts to a resolution through diplomatic means.
Risk of Retaliation
The use of missiles invites the risk of retaliation. India has been mindful of the potential consequences of missile strikes on its own territory or military assets. A careful assessment of the risks and benefits often leads to a cautious approach to missile usage.
Focus on Precision Strikes
While India possesses a range of missiles, including ballistic and cruise missiles, the focus has often been on precision strikes and targeted operations rather than widespread missile barrages. Precision strikes are more conducive to achieving specific military objectives without causing unnecessary collateral damage.
Adherence to International Norms
India, as a responsible nuclear power, has generally adhered to international norms and conventions governing the use of weapons. The responsible use of military capabilities aligns with India's commitment to global stability and security.
It's important to note that the decision not to use missiles in past conflicts is a strategic choice made by the Indian government based on a careful assessment of the situation, potential consequences, and the overall national security strategy. The use of missiles is a serious step that involves considerations beyond the immediate military theater, including diplomatic, political, and global implications.