Why do "digital dinosaurs" succeed?

I’m preparing for a couple of talks I’m giving next month (NEMA in Newport, RI and an ICOM symposium in Dubai) and have been thinking about interactive exhibits with such staying power that they have outlived the tech ecosystems for which they were designed. I will be making the case that planning for compelling content rather than planning for a particular technology and then figuring out what to do with it can lead to (potentially) much more long-lasting products.?

Below are three of my favorite examples. What examples do you have of “technology-based” exhibits that have outlived their original platforms and continued in service?

1. The Alcatraz Island audio tour (1987)

The Alcatraz Island audio tour was developed by Antenna Audio (hello Chris Tellis , Nancy Proctor, Eric Longo and all the other ex-Antennistas out there) in 1987 for U.S. National Park Service to help visitors understand what life was like on Alcatraz Island, a notorious federal prison in San Francisco Bay. In many ways, this is the tour that revolutionized audio storytelling in museums from just straight narration to something much more compelling.

It started off as an audio cassette based tour played on a walkman, which in 1987 was still a new interesting technology. In 1987 the IBM Personal Computer was six and "PC=all little computers" was just becoming common usage. The Macintosh turned three, and the World Wide Web was still four years away. Email was a thing only hardcore tech types knew about.

Over the years, the Alcatraz tour was transitioned to CD players, digital audio players and a mobile app version. And though the tour has changed as it moved to new platforms, the heart of the Alcatraz experience – immersive soundscapes, interesting history, and the personal narratives of people who lived, worked, and were imprisoned there –remains the core of the experience.

Why does it last?

Storytelling power. Antenna Audio was an offshoot of a theatre company, and as actors and dramaturges they deeply understood the power of tight storytelling and theatricality. The sound design of the tour is everything. When you are in the prison, the soundtrack adds a powerful narrative layer to what is an already-overwhelming visceral experience.?

2. The Virtual Fishtank (1999)

The Virtual Fishtank? was a groundbreaking interactive exhibit about complex decentralized systems and emergent behavior which premiered at The Computer Museum in Boston in 1998 by Nearlife Inc. (Hello Brian Knep and Bruce Wyman ! )?in collaboration with the MIT Media Lab and the Computer Museum.? The Virtual Fishtank was one of the first permanent large-scale virtual environments I know of to be used in a museum setting.?

Visitors could create virtual fish with specific traits and release them into a large virtual tank where their fish would interact with other fish and demonstrate how small, individual changes within a system can lead to complex outcomes. The VFT emphasized systems thinking in a way that was fun, visually stimulating, and accessible even to very young visitors. As installed in TCM, the Virtual Fishtank ran on a series of Silicon Graphics IRIS workstations, which if memory served sold for about $35K apiece in those days. These drove a series of small screens where visitors could make their fish while the Fishtank itself was displayed as a series of large projections.

When the Computer Museum closed and merged with the Museum of Science 1999, The Virtual Fishtank was moved there and later rewritten to run on high-end desktop computers and large monitors. It was also accessible via the Web which is something considering the idea of a museum website iteslf was only 3-4 years old at the time. It went through a couple of generations of PC hardware over the next 20 years, before moving again in 2020, this time to the McAuliffe-Shepard Discovery Center in New Hampshire, where it is still going strong.?

Why does it last?

Excellent interaction design. VFT ticked all the boxes. It had a very low barrier to entry. There were things to do for a wide range of visitors. You could spend a monte or two, or 20 minutes playing with variables and different fish designs and seeing how the system changed. It made complex material accessible in a way that a label or a video couldn’t.?

3. Launchball (2007)

Launchball was a Flash interactive developed in 2007 by Preloaded, Inc. for the Science Museum London (Hi Dave Patten!) as one component of the museum's Launchpad gallery, which focused on physics and engaged visitors with scientific principles through hands-on experiments. Visitors were challenged to guide a ball through a series of 30 different levels using various tools and props and by understanding forces such as gravity, magnetism, and electricity.

Its immediate popularity led the Museum to make a web version of the interactive which became as successful as the in-gallery version, only to a much wider audience.? It won armfuls of awards at places like SXSW and had millions of users. Legitimate success for any game, but unheard of for a museum game!

As Web 2.0 and mobile apps took over the world, the museum launched an expanded Launchball app in 2013. In 2016, the program was rewritten in HMTL 5, thus avoiding the deprecation and demise of Flash. So many great museum projects were built in that format and are now lost forever… The HTML 5 version of the game is still playable at https://learning.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/resources/launchball-game/ almost 20 years after it was developed.?

Why does it last?

Gameplay. Launchball is first and foremost a game and it gets the gameplay right. It also does a great job of letting players experiment with analogues of physical forces, but it does that in service of being a fun game, where so many museum games tend to focus on forcing players to ingest content with gameplay as the feed mechanism.?

How you can help

I would love to add more examples to this list and expand my knowledge of what's been both groundbreaking and long-lasting. Please share your favorites!