In DBMS (Database Management System), ACID properties ensure reliable processing of database transactions. ACID stands for:
- Atomicity Ensures that a transaction is all or nothing. If any part of the transaction fails, the entire transaction is rolled back. Example: In a banking system, transferring money between accounts should either fully succeed or fail without partial execution.
- Consistency Ensures that the database remains in a valid state before and after the transaction. Transactions should not leave the database in an inconsistent state. Example: If a transaction violates a database constraint (e.g., negative account balance), the transaction should be aborted.
- Isolation Ensures that concurrent transactions do not interfere with each other. Each transaction executes as if it were alone in the system. Example: Two users booking the last train ticket at the same time should not both get the same seat.
- Durability Ensures that committed transactions are permanently saved, even in the event of a system failure. Example: If a transaction is committed before a power failure, it remains recorded in the database after recovery.
These properties are critical for ensuring data integrity, reliability, and security in databases.
