What is a Web Application Firewall [WAF]?

Websites are exposed to a lot of threats. Malware injections, vulnerabilities, distributed denial of device (DDoS) attacks and brute force attacks, and many other scary possibilities exist. Without a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or other security measures, you’re leaving your site open to the possibility of data loss and other serious repercussions.

When it comes to securing your website, a WAF is one of the best types of protection you can implement.

A WAF uses “rules” to help protect your website against specific types of threats. These potential assaults include SQL injections, cross-site scripting (XSS), session tampering, DDoS attacks, and more. That said, a firewall is just one part of a complete security strategy.

The various types of WAFs use slightly different procedures to deter malicious traffic. However, to boil it down to the simplest possible terms, it works like so:

1. A user attempts to access your site either by clicking on a link or typing a URL into their browser. This sends an HTTP request to your server.
2. Your WAF intercepts this request and analyses it to determine if the user breaks any of your predetermined rules.
3. If no rules are violated, the user’s request is passed on to your server, which returns the content they requested. In the event that their IP address is blacklisted or their activity is otherwise suspicious, your WAF will block them.

The primary advantage of a WAF is the ability to deploy new rules quickly. In most cases, modern firewalls use a combination of whitelisting and blacklisting, which is referred to as a hybrid model. However, there are some that rely exclusively on one method or the other.

With a whitelist approach, your firewall will deny all requests except those that come from pre-approved IP addresses. Blacklisting will let most users through by default, except for those you choose to block. This can be used to turn away traffic exhibiting behaviour consistent with SQL injection, XSS, and other attacks.

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