What is Temperature?

Temperature is a measure of the random submicroscopic motions and vibrations of the particle constituents of matter. These motions comprise the internal energy of a substance. More specifically, the thermodynamic temperature of any bulk quantity of matter is the measure of the average kinetic energy. Thermodynamic temperature's null point, absolute zero, is the temperature at which the particle constituents of matter are as close as possible to complete rest; that is, they have minimal motion. Zero kinetic energy remains in a substance at absolute zero.

Questions

Why something vibrates?

Does temperature generate vibration or vibration generate temperature?

Why molecules are in motion? Certainly, it is because they have kinetic energy. What is the source of this kinetic energy? If the answer is temperature then what is the temperature? If the temperature is due to solar energy does solar energy becomes zero at absolute zero temperature?

This image shows the mathematical plot of a single electron in a certain state in a hydrogen atom. Public Domain Image, source: Christopher S. Baird.

Explanation: It is all electrons doing the job

"Does an electron in a stable (non-transitioning) atomic state experience any movement?" Obviously, an electron that is transitioning between states is moving from one state to the other, low to high energy and opposite. Do electrons move? The answer could be yes or no depending on how we define motion and what form of the electron we consider to be truly real. The problem is that an electron is not a solid little ball that we can watch zip around. An electron is a quantum object. A quantum is the minimum amount of any physical property involved in an interaction. A physical property is any property that is measurable, whose value describes a state of a physical system. An electron is a physical property. As such, an electron is partially particle-like and partially wave-like. The electron is described by a wave, which spreads out through space and vibrates, but in such a way that it still has certain discrete properties such as mass. When bound in a stable state in an atom, an electron behaves mostly like an oscillating three-dimensional wave, i.e., the orbital vibrates. This is how vibrations generate in a particle and this explains why everything vibrates. This vibration generates the kinetic energy and the kinetic energy generates the motion of molecules. The motion of molecules generates collisions and pressure. Motion generates the volume. Things go on.

With all of this in mind, an electron in a stable atomic state does not move in the sense of a solid little ball zipping around in circles like how the planets orbit the sun since the electron is spread out in a wave. Furthermore, an electron in a stable atomic state does not move in the sense of waving through space. Only at thermodynamic temperature's null point, absolute zero, is the temperature at which the particle constituents of matter are as close as possible to complete rest; that is, they have minimal motion

Therefore, the points are 1. Electrons only climb up and down from low to high and high to low energy levels. 2. Electrons do not spin around the nucleus. 3. Electrons generate waves and those lead to vibrations. 4. Vibrations generate kinetic energy. 5. Kinetic energy generates the motion of molecules. [6] The motion of molecules generates pressure and the spread generates volume and runs the universe

Credit: Google