What Is a Tailgating Attack?

In physical security and cybersecurity, a tailgating attack happens when an unauthorized person gains access to a restricted area by following an authorized person closely through secured doors or access points. Unlike hacking, tailgating relies on social engineering and human error, making it one of the most overlooked threats to physical security. This is especially risky in organizations with multiple restricted areas, where unauthorized access can lead to data breaches, property theft, or personal harm.

Tailgating is sometimes referred to as "piggybacking," though the two terms differ slightly. In piggybacking, the authorized individual knowingly allows someone to follow them through an access point. Tailgating, however, involves the unauthorized party slipping in without the knowledge or consent of the authorized person.

Why Are Tailgating Attacks Dangerous?

A tailgating attack bypasses typical access control systems like ID badges, fingerprint scanners, or keypad codes, which businesses often rely on to protect sensitive areas. Once inside, tailgaters can:

• Steal sensitive information, such as customer data or trade secrets.
• Damage property or disrupt operations.
• Install malware or other malicious software on company devices.
• Gain unauthorized access to restricted databases or servers.

Tailgating attacks are often simple to execute, making them a common threat to any organization with secure entry points. Understanding the mechanics of these attacks can help organizations minimize the risks they pose.

Common Examples of Tailgating Attacks

Tailgating attacks can take many forms. Some examples include:

1. The “friendly” intruder: In this scenario, an unauthorized individual might act friendly or even appear in a uniform that resembles that of an employee or service provider. This person follows a real employee through a secure door, using friendliness and social familiarity to avoid raising suspicion.
2. The loaded-hands tactic: This attack involves an intruder carrying items like coffee, office supplies, or equipment that require both hands. They wait by the entrance for an employee to open the door and then signal to be let in, taking advantage of the fact that employees often hold doors for people struggling with heavy items.
3. The large-group entry: In a crowded entryway, such as during a shift change or lunch break, intruders can blend in with a group of employees entering a secure area. In these moments, monitoring individual entries becomes challenging, providing an opportunity for tailgaters.

How Does Tailgating Relate to Cybersecurity?

Though tailgating is primarily a physical security threat, it can have severe cybersecurity implications. Once inside, attackers might have access to computers or internal systems, which they could use to initiate further cyber-attacks. Tailgating can also lead to phishing and social engineering opportunities within an organization, where attackers pose as legitimate users to extract sensitive information from other employees.

Combining physical and cybersecurity measures is essential to protect against breaches that originate in the physical realm but threaten digital security.

How to Prevent Tailgating Attacks

Reducing the risk of tailgating attacks requires a blend of technology, physical security measures, and employee training.

1. Implement Access Control Systems

To prevent unauthorized access, use access control systems like badge readers, biometric scanners, and keypad entry. Many organizations now deploy multi-factor authentication (MFA) at entry points, requiring users to present more than one form of ID, like a fingerprint and a badge. In addition, organizations should regularly audit and update access permissions to ensure only authorized personnel can enter restricted areas.

2. Educate Employees on Physical Security

Employee education is crucial in mitigating tailgating risks. Security awareness training should emphasize the importance of following physical security protocols and reporting suspicious activity. Encourage employees to avoid holding doors open for unfamiliar individuals and to confirm the identity of anyone they don’t recognize.

For comprehensive training, see how Keepnet Labs’ Security Awareness Training solutions can help empower employees to recognize and resist social engineering attacks.

3. Install Security Cameras and Surveillance

Video surveillance is a powerful deterrent against tailgating attacks. Strategically placed cameras near access points and restricted areas allow security teams to monitor for unauthorized entries. Modern surveillance systems with AI-based detection can alert staff when suspicious activities, like someone tailgating, occur in real time.

4. Use Anti-Tailgating Doors

Physical barriers, such as anti-tailgating doors or mantraps, can be effective in high-security environments. These devices allow only one person to enter a secure area at a time, making it difficult for an unauthorized individual to follow. Anti-tailgating doors are commonly used in areas requiring heightened security, such as data centers, government buildings, and R&D labs.

5. Encourage Badge and Identity Verification

Train employees to always display their access badges and to challenge individuals without visible credentials. A simple way to enforce this is by adopting policies that require visible ID badges at all times and encourage employees to politely question anyone without identification.

By using Keepnet’s Phishing Simulator and Human Risk Management Platform, organizations can prepare employees to recognize and handle security threats, including tailgating and other social engineering techniques.

Balancing Security and Workplace Culture

While all these measures are important, organizations should balance security with a positive workplace culture. Employees may resist strict protocols, fearing they create a "paranoid" work environment. Regular communication, education, and incentivizing participation in security protocols can help integrate these practices naturally.

Schedule your 30-minute demo now to learn how to:

• Strengthen physical access protocols and employee awareness training.
• Identify and train employees to recognize tailgating and social engineering threats through targeted simulations.