What is a ‘Super App’?

In early 2015, a Chinese documentary titled Under The Dome raked in 200 million views in just three days. The 103-minute documentary didn’t release in a single theatre.

More than 40% of viewers saw the movie on… wait for it… WeChat.

With more than a billion (Billion with a B ??)monthly active users, WeChat is the sort of phenomenon that hasn’t been replicated anywhere else in the world. Till now. But more on that later.

WeChat is more than just an ‘app’ on a smartphone. Tencent, its parent company, has unbundled the traditional desktop OS, or at least our idea of one. It’s one app for media sharing, social media, movie bookings (the irony??), taxi-hailing, payments, video calls, commerce and more. It also has its own Slack-like corporate account. Hell, even government agencies use WeChat.

Users check the app at least 10 times a day on an average, and more than 80% of users purchase products online. That kind of stickiness at such scale is unprecedented.

It’s not really an app as much as an Operating System for smartphones. WeChat is a Super App.

What makes for a Super App?

In 2010, Mike Lazaridis, the Founder of Blackberry, took a stab at what a ‘Super App’ constitutes, “…representing a new class of mobile applications that make you wonder how you ever lived without them.” Lazaridis’ definition was a closed ecosystem of “many apps” that people would use everyday “…because they offer such a seamless, integrated, contextualised and efficient experience”. Blackberry, as you know, got unbundled because they charged the user to be on a ‘platform’, without adding services to the platform. By building a walled garden, the brand alienated its users.

A Super App is many apps within an umbrella app. It’s an OS that unbundles the tyranny of apps. It’s the portal to the Internet for a mobile-first generation.

More often than not, it will likely be operate at the intersection of logistics/hyper-local delivery, commerce, payments and social. To become a Super App, you need at least two of these functions. The idea is to scale fast once you have a user’s buy-in, and add multiple services to gain loyalty.

Once you have direct offerings, the next logical step is to open the app up to third-party companies to build on a loyal user base. Now, you don’t build separate apps. Instead, you can host your offerings on a single Super App. Step-by-step, the Super App becomes the OS.

In that context, there are a rare few who have what it takes to build a new-age, mobile-first OS that can be categorised as a Super App.

Say hi to GOJEK*.

What makes GOJEK a Super App

GOJEK is one app for ordering food, commuting, digital payments, shopping, hyper-local delivery, getting a massage, and two dozen services. It’s Indonesia’s first and fastest growing unicorn, building an on-demand empire. GOJEK runs the equivalent of three Indian unicorns rolled into one.

With more than 125+ million app downloads, and total order volumes growing 6600x in 36 months, GOJEK already has 18+ products. Every year, the company adds more ammunition to its arsenal. It’s the only hyper-growth startup in the world from a developing country. One app, many use cases. GOJEK is a #SuperApp.

But why a #SuperApp?

By removing clutter from a smartphone OS and its multiple apps, UX acts as a bait to get the next billionon a smartphone. Design becomes a language for the uninitiated. But among a dozen reasons why, here’s the most hilarious one:

Remember India’s ‘Good Morning’ message phenomenon? Every day, India’s mobile users send a ‘good morning’ image to their friends and family. According to a WSJ report, “These images have an overabundance of sun-dappled flowers, adorable toddlers, birds and sunsets sent along with a cheery message.” As a result, one in three smartphone users ran out of space daily, according to a Western Digital report.

And the first thing they do to free up space is… delete apps.

But it’s not about space constraints anymore (that’s a thing of the past) — it’s about breaking design language barriers so more baby boomers and the next billion users can participate in the Internet economy.

In a nation of 1.3+ billion people, a little over a third of India has access to the internet.

India ranks well below the global average for mobile connectivity in the world. Mobile broadband connectivity is only slightly better than Kenya.

A Statista report shows there are over four million apps available between just the Google Play store and the Apple App Store, and the glut is painful for countries with limited smartphone memory and a saturated market. A Super App corrects this imbalance. It sits on top of a mobile OS by shrinking the time taken to complete a specific task and in turn, increase productivity. For the next billion users, it also adds UX elements that make it easier for users to get accustomed to mobile phone usage.

Is it easy? No. Ask Facebook. For about two years, Facebook’s Messenger tried to build the WeChat of the West without much success. It remains to be seen if they can do it in the current climate.

Which also makes GOJEK an interesting study.

The big sell for GOJEK

The biggest moat GOJEK built is payments. Once you’re handling money for a user, you can build a castle of services within it.

GO-PAY is accepted at close to 300,000 online and offline merchants in Indonesia, and processes $6.3 billion of annualised Gross Transaction Value (GTV). Talk about disruption…

GOJEK is one of the most interesting stories coming out of Southeast Asia and also one of the least understood ones. It’s a fascinating story panning out in a densely-populated geography riddled with opportunities.

250+ engineers make software decisions that impact more than 261 million people. We also practice what we preach — a ‘lean engineering mindset’ makes us automate mundane tasks and build a platform that has major social impacts. Technology is the fulcrum on which a country is reinventing itself, and this change is theleast narrated story till date.

*Disclosure: I’m part of GOJEK’s Board and Head GOJEK India @gojektech. This post was originally published in February 2019, so some numbers might be outdated. Reposting here for the essence of what I think of as a 'Super App' - the idea remains.

GOJEK is home to hard problems. We make mistakes and we learn. We code for the joy of it and not because of the pay. But we pay well nevertheless ??. Engineers, data scientists, designers, if you’re interested to help build beautiful products at enormous scale, visit superapp.is for more.