What is structural glazing? You need to know

This is a modern way of wrapping a building, perhaps the best with an almost overuse of glass for fa?ades and windows to achieve an elegant, modern look. In addition to aesthetics, it provides weather protection and occupant safety. The systems are precisely engineered for structural integrity, considering safety and functional needs.?

Types of Structural Glazing Systems

Structural glazing systems can be divided into various types according to architectural considerations and functional requirements. Some of these include:

• Unitized Systems
• Semi-Unitized Systems
• Stick Glazing Systems
• Frameless Systems
• Tension Systems
• Skylight Glazing and Roofs

Unitized Glazing System

Unitized glazing involves factory-finished panels that are transported to the site and installed using brackets and fixings. This system is pre-fabricated, ensuring high quality with minimal on-site work.

Key Features of Unitized Curtain Wall Systems

• Factory-finished for consistent quality
• Reduced on-site work
• Faster project completion
• Widely used in modern architecture

Semi-Unitized Glazing

In semi-unitized glazing, components are partially assembled in the factory and completed on-site. While glass units are factory-made, the final assembly occurs at the construction site.

Pros:

• Moderate cost
• Requires smaller factory setups
• Lower skill requirements

Cons:

• Extensive site-based sealant applications
• Risk of workmanship issues
• Challenging to achieve uniform quality

Stick Curtain Wall Glazing

Stick glazing is a traditional method where frames are fabricated in the factory, transported in parts, and assembled on-site. Glass panels are then fixed to these frames using pressure plates and gaskets.

Pros:

• Cost-effective
• Suitable for smaller projects
• Requires minimal factory infrastructure

Cons:

• Labor-intensive on-site work
• Quality inconsistencies due to workmanship

Frameless Glazing

Frameless glazing offers a highly transparent fa?ade with minimal structural elements, making it ideal for spaces like lobbies, airports, and large commercial areas. This system uses large glass panels for an unobstructed view while maintaining robustness.

Glazing vs. Cladding

• Glazing: Provides a weatherproof building envelope.
• Cladding: Focuses on aesthetics and architectural treatments, often requiring a substrate for support.

Understanding Curtain Walls

Curtain walls are a popular glazing method that spans multiple floors, commonly seen in commercial and high-end residential buildings. They deliver superior aesthetics and modern architectural appeal.

Key Design Considerations for Glazing Systems

The primary driver for structural glazing design is wind load. Key challenges include:

• Complex geometry
• Peak pressures
• Non-linear, dynamic behavior

Structural Framing:

Glazing systems use mullions, transoms, sills, and heads to transfer wind and dead loads effectively. The design emphasizes:

• Direct load transfer
• Structural efficiency
• Allowance for movement and rotations
• Simplified detailing and clean integration with the main structure

Wind Load Calculation Methods

1. National Code Method

• Based on IS 875 Part 3 and NBC 2016 standards
• Suitable for moderate high-rise buildings (up to 250m)

1. Wind Tunnel Analysis

• Physical scaled models tested in labs
• Accurate site-specific wind pressure measurements

1. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

• Simulates complex geometries and localized wind pressure effects
• Ideal for challenging and intricate fa?ade designs

Best Practices for Structural Glazing Projects

1. Design and Fixing

• Robust and well-engineered solutions
• Employ experienced designers and time-tested methods

1. Material Selection

• Conduct physical checks and lab tests
• Establish quality benchmarks and inspect samples

1. Fabrication

• Maintain tight tolerances and quality controls
• Enforce strict rejection criteria for substandard components

1. Site Management

• Monitor storage and handling of materials
• Ensure proper protection during and after installation

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