What are Storage Tanks?

Storage tanks are containers that store various liquids, gases, or solids for different purposes and industries. They can have different shapes, sizes, materials, and designs, depending on their function and application. Storage tanks are essential for many sectors, such as oil and gas, chemical, water treatment, food and beverage, pharmaceutical, and more.

Storage tanks can be classified into different types based on their shape, pressure, material, and roof. Each type of storage tank has its own advantages and disadvantages, as well as its own usage and industry. In this article, we will explore some of the common types of storage tanks and their characteristics.

Types of Storage Tanks

Fixed Roof Tanks

These are cylindrical tanks with a cone- or dome-shaped roof that is permanently attached to the tank shell. They are used to store liquids with low volatility and flash points, such as crude oil, diesel, fuel oil, etc. They can operate under atmospheric pressure or low pressure and are equipped with a breather valve to prevent the release of vapors during small changes in temperature, barometric pressure, or liquid level . Fixed roof tanks are widely used in the oil and gas industry because they are economical and easy to install and maintain. However, they also have some drawbacks such as high evaporation losses, fire and explosion risks, and aesthetic problems.

Floating Roof Tanks

These are cylindrical tanks with a roof that floats directly on the surface of the liquid inside the tank. They are used to store liquids with high volatility and flash points, such as gasoline, ethanol, jet fuel, etc. They can reduce the evaporative loss of the stored liquid and prevent the emission of harmful vapors or pollutants. There are two types of floating roof tanks: external floating roof tanks (EFRs) and internal floating roof tanks (IFRs). EFRs have no fixed roof above the floating platform, while IFRs have a fixed roof that covers the floating platform . Floating roof tanks are also widely used in the oil and gas industry because they are efficient and environmentally friendly. However, they also have some challenges such as maintenance difficulties, weather effects, and structural instability.

Horizontal Tanks

These are cylindrical tanks with the axis parallel to the ground. They can be used for above-ground or underground storage of liquids or gases. They are often used for storing light and heavy petroleum products, chemical solutions, water, food products, and other liquid products. Horizontal tanks can have single or double walls and can be insulated or coated to prevent corrosion . Horizontal tanks are suitable for small to medium volumes of storage because they save space and do not interfere with the landscape. However, they also have some limitations such as leakage risks, installation difficulties, and inspection challenges.

Pressure Tanks

These are spherical or cylindrical tanks that can withstand high pressures. They are used to store compressed gases or liquids that evaporate easily, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), ammonia, hydrogen, etc. They are usually located above ground and have a horizontal orientation. Pressure tanks are made of strong materials such as steel or alloy and have safety valves to release excess pressure . Pressure tanks are ideal for storing substances that require high pressure and low temperature because they are secure and efficient. However, they also have some drawbacks such as high initial and operational costs, complex design and fabrication, and strict safety regulations .

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Tanks

These are special types of storage tanks that can store LNG at a very low temperature of -162 degrees Celsius. LNG is natural gas that has been cooled and condensed into a liquid form for transportation and storage purposes. LNG tanks have two cylinders: one with LNG and one with insulating materials. They can be placed on land or on ships. LNG tanks are designed to prevent leakage and explosion of the highly flammable substance . LNG tanks are the most advanced and sophisticated type of storage tanks because they can store large amounts of natural gas in a compact and safe way. However, they also have some challenges such as high technical requirements, expensive construction and maintenance, and environmental concerns.

Storage Tanks Building Materials

One of the important factors to consider when choosing a storage tank is the material of construction. The material of construction affects the durability, corrosion resistance, cost, maintenance, and safety of the storage tank. There are various materials that can be used for building storage tanks, but some of the most common ones are:

Steel

Steel is one of the most widely used materials for storage tanks because it is strong, versatile, and economical. Steel can be fabricated into different shapes and sizes, and can withstand high pressures and temperatures. Steel can also be coated or galvanized to prevent corrosion and rust. However, steel can also be susceptible to corrosion, especially when exposed to acidic or saline substances.?Steel can also be affected by fire, explosion, or impact damage.

Concrete

Concrete is another popular material for storage tanks because it is durable, fire-resistant, and environmentally friendly. Concrete can be molded into various forms and designs, and can resist chemical attacks and abrasion. Concrete can also be reinforced with steel bars or fibers to increase its strength and stability. However, concrete can also be prone to cracking, leaking, or spalling due to thermal expansion, moisture, or stress.?Concrete can also be expensive and time-consuming to construct and repair.

Plastic

Plastic is a relatively new material for storage tanks because it is lightweight, flexible, and resistant to corrosion and chemical reactions. Plastic can be made of different types of polymers, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, etc. Plastic can also be colored or textured to suit different aesthetic preferences. However, plastic can also be vulnerable to UV degradation, temperature changes, or mechanical damage.?Plastic can also pose environmental hazards if not properly recycled or disposed of.

Fiberglass

Fiberglass industrial storage tanks, with capacities up to about 300 tons, are a favored choice for both underground and above-ground storage, accommodating a variety of substances from industrial chemicals to water and fuel while notably resisting both external and internal corrosion. Their appeal lies in their cost-effectiveness, exceptional durability, and resistance to corrosion, eliminating the need for ongoing maintenance or waterproofing. Furthermore, these tanks are significantly lighter than concrete equivalents, simplifying installation and transport. Their marketability makes them a preferred option in industrial storage, offering a balanced blend of affordability, longevity, and ease of handling.

Whether you need a storage tank for oil and gas, chemical, water treatment, or any other industry or application, YENA Engineering can help you. We have the expertise and experience to design and manufacture storage tanks of various types, sizes, shapes, and materials. We also offer tailor-made solutions to fit your preferences and requirements. Contact us today to get a quote and consultation on your storage tank project.