What should be considered when ordering a fiber optic PLC splitter?

Fiber optic PLC splitter is a very common components in fiber network. How to get the best solution when we order a PLC splitter? This article will give you comprehensive guides and tips.

Here is the outline:

1，How to determine the correct specification?

2，What parameters should be considered?

3，How to select the correct physical form??

4，Is it necessary to consider brand and raw material?

5，What test should be considered?

?

1，How to determine specification of the fiber optic PLC splitter?

Choosing a fiber optic PLC (Planar Lightwave Circuit) splitter involves considering several key factors to ensure it meets your specific needs. Here are the main aspects to consider:

1.1. Channel Count

Channel count refers to number of splits.?It?indicates?how many output fibers the input fiber will be split into, such as 1x4, 1x8, 1x16, etc. Choose splits?based on your network's branching requirements.?Fiberall Technology is able to provide the following options:

1x2, 1x3, 1x4, 1x5, 1x6, 1x8, 1x9, 1x10, 1x12, 1x16, 1x24, 1x32, 1x64, 1x128

2x2, 2x4, 2x8, 2x12, 2x16, 2x32, 2x64, 2x128

Some times people also order combined configuration like 2x1:4, 2x2:8, means combine 2pcs 1x4 or 2pcs 2x8 PLC splitters in one set.

Different channel counts are suitable for different applications:

1x2 Fiber Splitter: Often used in simple point-to-multipoint networks.

1x4 Fiber Splitter: Suitable for small networks or to connect a few devices.

1x8 Fiber Splitter: Commonly used in medium-sized networks.

1x16 Fiber Splitter: Ideal for larger network deployments.

1x32?Fiber?Splitter: Often used in large-scale FTTH (Fiber to the Home) networks.

1x64 Fiber Splitter: Used in very large network deployments where a high number of connections is required.

1x128 Fiber Splitter: Suitable for extensive network architectures.

2xN Fiber Splitters: These are used for redundancy and more complex network designs.

So how to choose the correct channels? When choosing the right splits, consider the following factors:

1. Network Design

Determine the number of end points you need to connect. Larger networks with more end points will require higher splits.

2. Budget Constraints

Higher channel count?can be more cost-effective by reducing the number of splitters needed, but ensure the budget can accommodate the overall cost, including potential signal loss compensation.

3. Signal Strength

Higher splits?result in more signal loss (insertion loss). Ensure your network can tolerate this loss, or consider using amplifiers if necessary.

4. Future Expansion

Plan for future network expansion. Choosing a higher channel count?now can provide room for growth without needing additional optical splitters.

5. Application Requirements

Different applications may require different splits. For instance, small business networks may suffice with 1x8 or 1x16, while large-scale ISP networks might need 1x64 or higher.

Examples of Applications

· FTTH (Fiber to the Home): Often uses high split ratios like 1x32 or 1x64 to connect numerous homes from a single central office.

· LAN (Local Area Networks): May use lower split ratios like 1x4 or 1x8 to connect different departments or floors within a building.

· PON (Passive Optical Networks): Commonly use various split ratios depending on the size and layout of the network, from 1x2 up to 1x128.

?

1.2. Optical Ratio

Optical Ratio refers to split ratio. It is another expression of the channel count, and it represents the allocation of power between each channel.

Generally there are two kinds of ratios: Balanced (Uniform)?and Unbalanced (Non-Uniform).

· Balanced (Uniform) Fiber Splitters: These split the input power evenly among the output fibers.?And the power ratio is usually like this: 1x2: 50:50, 1x4: 25:25:25:25.

· Unbalanced (Non-Uniform) Fiber Splitters: These split the input power unevenly among the output fibers, useful for specific network designs.?And the power ratio is usually like this: 1x2: 10:90, 1x4: 10:20:30:40

So what should be considered when choosing balanced (uniform)?and unbalanced?optical ratio?

When choosing between unbalanced and balanced split ratios for fiber optic PLC (Planar Lightwave Circuit) splitters, several considerations come into play depending on the specific application and network requirements:

Unbalanced Split Ratios:

Purpose: Unbalanced split ratios like 1:4, 1:8, etc., are typically used when you need one port to receive a significantly higher proportion of the signal compared to the other ports. This is useful in scenarios where one branch of the network requires more optical power than the others.

Signal Distribution: Consider if your application demands a specific port to receive a majority of the signal power while the remaining ports receive lesser power. For example, in passive optical networks (PON), the ratio determines how much of the signal is allocated to individual subscribers.

Insertion Loss: Unbalanced fiber splitters may exhibit slightly higher insertion loss compared to balanced ones, especially on the unbalanced ports. Ensure that any additional loss is acceptable within your network's performance parameters.

Polarization Sensitivity: Unbalanced PLC splitters can sometimes be more sensitive to polarization effects compared to balanced ones. This sensitivity could affect the performance if your network carries polarized light.

Balanced Split Ratios:

Equal Distribution: Balanced split ratios like 1:2, 1:4, etc., ensure that optical power is evenly distributed among all output ports. This is crucial in applications where equal signal strength across multiple branches or subscribers is required.

Uniformity: Balanced optical splitters typically offer higher uniformity across all output ports, ensuring that each port receives nearly equal optical power. This uniformity minimizes signal loss and ensures reliable performance throughout the network.

Insertion Loss: Balanced PLC splitters generally exhibit lower insertion loss across all ports compared to unbalanced ones, ensuring better overall signal transmission efficiency.

Polarization Insensitivity: Many balanced fiber optic splitters are designed to be polarization insensitive, which means they perform consistently regardless of the polarization state of the input light. This feature is advantageous in networks where polarization effects need to be minimized or eliminated.

Application Considerations:

Network Design: Choose the split ratio based on the specific architecture and requirements of your fiber optic network. Consider factors such as the number of subscribers or branches, signal strength requirements, and the overall topology of the network.

Performance Requirements: Evaluate the required optical power levels at each output port and the permissible loss budget. This helps in determining whether an unbalanced or balanced fiber splitter is more suitable for achieving optimal network performance.

Future Scalability: Consider future growth and scalability of the network. Ensure that the chosen split ratio can accommodate potential expansions or changes in network configuration without significant redesign or performance compromise.

Cost and Reliability: Balance the initial cost of the PLC splitter with long-term reliability and performance considerations. Opt for fiber splitters from reputable manufacturers that offer robust performance and meet industry standards for quality and durability.

1.3. Operating Wavelength

· Ensure the fiber optic splitter is compatible with the operating wavelength of your network, commonly 1260-1650 nm for most telecommunications applications.

1.4. Optical Cable and Fiber type

Regarding fiber type: Generally Fiberall recommend G657A (A1 or A2), and user is allowed to appoint other fiber type according to needs.

As for fiber cable, the main points are cable diameter (like OD0.9mm, 2.0mm, 3.0mm), jacket color, coating color of fiber, material of jacket, cable length and so on. Sometimes people order flat cable ribbon fiber, or armoured cable.

1.5. Connector & adapter type

· Ensure the splitter connectors?and adapters?match the fiber connectors and fiber adapters used in your network, such as?MPO/MTP,?SC, LC, FC, or ST.

Connector: Some times people may have special requirements on color, boot, clip and so on.

Adapter: when people order PLC splitter loaded in LGX cassette, fiber tray, patch panel or fiber distribution box, fiber adapter should be considered. ?

2, What parameters should be considered when choosing a fiber optic PLC splitter?

2.1. Insertion Loss

· This measures the loss of signal power resulting from the fiber splitter. Lower insertion loss is preferable for better performance.

2.2. Return Loss

· Return loss measures the amount of light reflected back to the source. Higher return loss values are better, indicating less reflection and better performance.

2.3. Uniformity

· Uniformity indicates the consistency of signal loss among the output ports. Lower uniformity values mean more consistent performance across all outputs.

2.4. Directivity

· Directivity measures the amount of signal leakage between ports. Higher directivity is better, indicating minimal leakage.

2.5. Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL)

1. Measures the variation in insertion loss with changes in the polarization state of the input light. Lower PDL indicates better performance.

2. Typical values: ≤ 0.2 dB.

2.6. Wavelength Dependent Loss (WDL)

1. Measures the variation in insertion loss across different wavelengths. Lower WDL indicates better performance.

2. Typical values: ≤ 0.3 dB.

As for parameters of mechanical tests, environmental tests and quality assurance tests, we will list them in the last chapter.

?

3. How to select the correct Physical Form?(package type)?

PLC splitters come in various forms, such as bare fiber, ABS module, LGX cassette, fiber tray, fiber distribution box or rack mount?patch panel. Choose based on your installation environment and space constraints. Here’s a guide to help you choose the most appropriate form factor:

3.1. Bare Fiber

· Use Case: Typically used in laboratory or testing environments where the fiber splitter needs to be integrated into a custom setup or where space is not constrained.

· Advantages: Allows for maximum flexibility in mounting and routing.

· Disadvantages: Requires careful handling and integration into a protection system.

3.2. Mini Steel Tube

· Use Case: Suitable for outdoor or harsh environments where additional protection for the fiber is needed. Often used in scenarios where physical durability is critical.

· Advantages: Provides robust protection against physical damage.

· Disadvantages: Bulkier compared to other forms and may be less flexible in terms of installation.

3.3. ABS Module

· Use Case: Common in both indoor and outdoor applications, especially where compact, cost-effective solutions are required. Often used in small to medium-sized installations.

· Advantages: Lightweight, cost-effective, and relatively easy to install. Provides adequate protection for the fibers.

· Disadvantages: Limited space for additional expansion or future upgrades.

3.4. LGX Cassette

· Use Case: Ideal for central offices or data centers where high density and easy management are required. Suitable for environments where rack-mounted equipment is standard.

· Advantages: High density, modular, and easy to integrate into existing rack systems. Facilitates easy maintenance and future upgrades.

· Disadvantages: May require additional rack space and may be more expensive than other options.

3.5. Fiber Tray

· Use Case: Often used in larger installations or within existing fiber management systems where space is available for trays.

· Advantages: Provides organized management of fibers with space for splicing and routing. Suitable for scalable installations.

· Disadvantages: Requires dedicated space within a rack or enclosure and may be less compact.

3.6. Fiber Distribution Box

· Use Case: Common for outdoor installations, including street cabinets and buildings. Used where a weatherproof, secure enclosure is needed.

· Advantages: Provides protection from environmental factors and secure management of fibers. Often includes splicing and termination capabilities.

· Disadvantages: Size and form factor can be less flexible compared to rack-mounted solutions.

3.7. Rack Mount Patch Panel

· Use Case: Ideal for data centers or telecommunication rooms where space is organized in racks or cabinets. Suitable for high-density applications.

· Advantages: Efficient use of rack space, easy integration with other rack-mounted equipment, and simplifies cable management and maintenance.

· Disadvantages: Requires rack space and may not be suitable for all environments, particularly outdoor or harsh conditions.

Factors to Consider:

Installation Environment: Choose a form factor that suits the environment where the PLC splitter will be installed (e.g., indoor vs. outdoor, harsh conditions).

Space Constraints: Determine the available space for installation and select a form factor that fits within those constraints.

Capacity and Scalability: Consider current and future needs. For example, if you anticipate needing to add more fibers later, opt for a modular or high-density solution.

Ease of Maintenance: Choose a form factor that allows for easy access to the optical splitter for maintenance and troubleshooting.

Protection Needs: Assess the level of protection required for the fibers. For outdoor or harsh environments, opt for ruggedized options.

Budget: Balance the cost of the form factor with its features and benefits. More robust and modular options may come at a higher cost.

Integration with Existing Infrastructure: Ensure compatibility with existing fiber management systems or racks.

?

4.?Is it necessary to consider brand and raw material of fiber optic plc splitter?

Considering the brand and raw materials of a fiber optic PLC (Planar Lightwave Circuit) splitter is important for several reasons:

4.1. Brand Reputation

Quality Assurance: Established brands often have a track record of high-quality products and reliability. Choosing a reputable brand can reduce the risk of performance issues and ensure better product consistency.

Support and Warranty: Reputable brands usually offer better customer support, warranties, and service. This can be crucial for troubleshooting and resolving issues that may arise with the fiber optic splitter.

Standards Compliance: Leading brands are more likely to comply with international standards and certifications, which ensures the fiber splitter meets required performance and safety standards.

4.2. Raw Materials

Performance: The quality of raw materials used in manufacturing PLC splitters can affect their performance characteristics such as attenuation, insertion loss, and overall reliability. High-quality materials generally result in better performance and durability.

Durability and Longevity: The choice of materials impacts the lifespan of the fiber splitter. For example, high-grade optical fibers and coatings can enhance the splitter’s durability and resistance to environmental factors.

Consistency: Consistent use of high-quality materials ensures uniform performance across different units of the same model. This is important for maintaining network reliability and performance.

Environmental Stability: Consider the operating temperature range and storage temperature range to ensure the PLC splitter will function reliably in your specific environment.

Cost-Effectiveness: While higher-quality raw materials may lead to a higher initial cost, they can provide better performance and longer service life, potentially reducing long-term costs associated with replacements and maintenance.

4.3. Key Considerations

Material Quality: Ensure that the PLC splitter uses high-quality optical fibers and coatings. Poor-quality fibers or manufacturing defects can lead to increased insertion losses or attenuation.

Brand and Manufacturer Reputation: Research the manufacturer’s reputation and reviews. Choose brands known for their quality and reliability in the fiber optics industry.

Compliance with Standards: Check if the fiber splitter complies with industry standards (e.g., ITU-T, Telcordia GR-1209/1221). Compliance often indicates adherence to quality and performance benchmarks.

Warranty and Support: Evaluate the warranty terms and the manufacturer’s support services. A good warranty and responsive support can be crucial if issues arise.

Product Certification: Look for certifications or third-party testing that validate the splitter’s performance and reliability. Certified products are typically more reliable.

Performance Specifications: Compare performance specifications such as insertion loss, return loss, and uniformity to ensure the fiber splitter meets your network requirements.

In summary, the brand and raw materials of a PLC splitter are critical factors that influence its performance, reliability, and longevity. Investing in reputable brands and high-quality materials can help ensure that your optical network operates efficiently and with minimal maintenance issues.

5.What tests should be considered when ordering a fiber optic PLC splitter?

The production of fiber optic PLC splitters involves several tests to ensure they meet quality and performance standards. These tests cover various aspects, including optical, mechanical, and environmental parameters. Here are the key tests typically included:

Optical Tests

1. Insertion Loss Test: Measures the loss of signal power as it passes through the PLC splitter. Lower insertion loss indicates better performance.

1. Return Loss Test: Measures the amount of light reflected back towards the source. Higher return loss indicates better performance.

2. Uniformity Test: Evaluates the consistency of signal loss among all output ports. Lower uniformity values mean more consistent performance.

3. Directivity Test: Measures the amount of signal leakage between ports. Higher directivity is better, indicating minimal leakage.

4. Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL) Test: Measures the variation in insertion loss with changes in the polarization state of the input light. Lower PDL indicates better performance.

5. Wavelength Dependent Loss (WDL) Test: Measures the variation in insertion loss across different wavelengths. Lower WDL indicates better performance.

Mechanical Tests

1. Tensile Strength Test: Tests the fiber splitter’s ability to withstand pulling forces on the fibers. Ensures mechanical robustness.

2.Fiber Bending Test: Tests the PLC splitter’s performance when fibers are bent to specified radii. Ensures the splitter can handle typical installation conditions.

3.Drop Test: Assesses the optical splitter’s durability by dropping it from a specified height. Ensures it can withstand impacts during handling and installation.

Environmental Tests

1. Temperature Cycling Test: Exposes the fiber splitter to extreme temperature variations to test its performance under different temperature conditions.

2.Humidity Test: Tests the splitter’s performance in high humidity environments to ensure reliability under various moisture conditions.

3.Thermal Aging Test: Simulates long-term aging by exposing the PLC splitter to high temperatures over extended periods. Ensures longevity and reliability.

4.Vibration Test: Assesses the splitter’s resistance to mechanical vibrations, simulating transportation and installation conditions.

5.High Power Endurance Test: Tests the splitter’s ability to handle high optical power levels without degradation.

Quality Assurance Tests

1. Visual Inspection: Ensures there are no visible defects or damages in the PLC splitter or its components.

2. Interferometric Testing: Evaluates the quality of fiber end faces to ensure optimal signal transmission and minimal reflections.

Note: Some tests are not convenient to execute in real production and they are finished in lab or executed by third party.

Summary: Steps to Choose a Fiber Optic PLC Splitter:

1. Determine Your Network Requirements: Define the number of splits needed, optcial ratio, operating wavelengths, fiber & cable type, connector and adapter types.

2. Evaluate Performance Specifications: Compare parameters and specifications?including insertion loss, return loss, uniformity, directivity, polarization dependent loss, and?Wavelength Dependent Loss?etc.

3. Consider Physical Form and Environmental Constraints: Ensure the splitter form factor fits your installation environment and check the temperature ranges for operational stability.

4. Research Reputable Manufacturers: Look for manufacturers with good reviews and reliable products, appoint specific raw material when it is necessary.

5. Check Test, Certificate, Warranty and Support: Choose?fiber optic PLC splitter?with favorable test result, warranty terms and customer support.

By taking these factors into account, you can select the most suitable fiber optic PLC splitter for your network. If you have specific details about your network requirements or any particular conditions, feel free to share them, and Fiberall?can provide more tailored advice.