Top Universities , What do World's Top ranked universities do ? 3Rs of Ranking
Sibi Akbarali Pt
Management Consultant - Program Management || Investor || Speaker ( #Sustainablity #RemoteWork, AI- Learning & Development ) *Connect if you know each other ||
Reputation is a critical component of a university’s success, and rankings can play a pivotal part in developing and determining that reputation.
Rankings influence reputation and reputation influence rankings.High-achieving and wealthier students are most likely to make choices based on them.
Whether from the perspective of a student, parent, researcher, potential faculty, funder, or another entity, rankings : QS and THE, Shanghai, ARWU etc help build one perspective on a university's success or fit, objectively.
The top 1,000 in these lists represents no more than 5 per cent of the 20,000 higher education institutions in the world. Asa performance indicators that provide comprehensive and balanced comparisons, reffered by Millions of students, academics, university leaders, industry and governments.
Several respected agencies publish regular ratings for some of the best universities in the world, including QS, the Academic Rating of World Universities, the Center for World University Rankings (CWUR), Times Higher Education (THE), and U.S. News, to establish guidelines for student choice and to systematize the information available about institutions of higher education.
While university ratings may create decision frameworks for potential students and employers, data shows that certain factors may be more meaningful in practice, only some of which are captured by ratings agencies.
Lets take a closer look at the top 10 from each of these major world university rankings, and the key similarities and differences between them.
To understand the intricacies of this relationship,For more information read the blog post: What role do rankings play in university reputations?
University rankings : A closer look for research leaders interested in Ranking ,BY Elseiver, global information analytics
figure shown-by , employability dominated as a key indicator in reference to university and business school rankings
3Rs of Ranking
Reputations of Employer and Rate of Employment are the 2 Rs
Research Outcome is the Third R.
Will be explaining it in details ....
QS evaluate universities according to six metrics, based on the responses to a survey distributed worldwide academics from a number of different reliable sources,maintaining a strong emphasis on peer review and after Junk Filtering and Anomaly Testing wiht the ratio of Ranking weightage :
Academic Reputation (40%)
The Academic Reputation Index is the centrepiece of the QS World University Rankings carrying a weighting of 40%. This component attracts the greatest interest and scrutiny. In concert with the Employer Reputation Index it is the aspect which sets this ranking most clearly apart from any other.
Employer Reputation(10%)
Top employers hovers around Top Institutions for Talent hunt, looking for the most competent, innovative, effective graduate thus making Education a path for ,valuable preparation for the employment market.
Faculty/Student Ratio (20%)
From student pint of view this metric is of highest importance . It assesses the extent to which institutions are able to provide students with meaningful access to lecturers and tutors, and?recognizes that a high number of faculty members per student ,From pint of View of Researchers without compromising teaching quality ,it will reduce the teaching burden on each individual academician, enabling them to devote time for research.
Citations per faculty (20%)
To calculate it, we take the total number of citations received by all papers produced by an institution across a five-year period by the number of faculty members at that institution.,it takes time for research to be effectively disseminated,QS take a look at a six-year citation window
International faculty ratio / International student ratio (5% each)
The Times Higher Education World University Rankings list the top 1,000 universities in the world, making it an reputable international league table ,Teaching. Research,Citations,Industry Income,International Outlook based on the following ratio
No. of FTE Students
No. of students per staff
International Students
Female:Male Ratio
The Academic Ranking of World Universities,
The Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) is a recognized annual publication of world university rankings, is based on five objective indicators:
Thie list of the best universities in the world is always led by two US and UK . MIT, Harvard Stanford ,The University of Oxford, the University of Cambridge
Overall, European institutions occupy half of the top 200 places, with the Netherlands and Germany joining the UK as the most-represented countries. Italy, Spain and the Netherlands each have new number ones
Another notable trend is the continued rise of China. The Asian giant is now home to two universities in the top 30: Peking and Tsinghua. The Beijing duo now outrank several prestigious institutions in Europe and the US. Meanwhile, almost all Chinese universities have improved, signalling that the country’s commitments to investment has bolstered results year-on-year
Times Higher Education recognized the University of Oxford as the world's top university of 2017, snatching the top spot away from the California Institute of Technology, which had held the top rank since 2012 when it displaced Harvard University. This is the first year in the history of this ranking that a university from the UK has held the top spot.The World University Ranking by the Times Higher Education assesses research-intensive universities of different countries around the world across four key missions: research, teaching, spreading new knowledge, and international outlook.
Methodology
The Center for World University Rankings?(#CWUR)
CWUR uses eight objective and robust indicators to rank the world's top 1000 universities:
1) Quality of Education, measured by the number of a university's alumni who have won major international awards, prizes, and medals relative to the university's size [25%]
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2) Alumni Employment, measured by the number of a university's alumni who have held CEO positions at the world's top companies relative to the university's size [25%]
3) Quality of Faculty, measured by the number of academics who have won major international awards, prizes, and medals [25%]
4) Publications, measured by the number of research papers appearing in reputable journals [5%]
5) Influence, measured by the number of research papers appearing in highly-influential journals [5%]
6) Citations, measured by the number of highly-cited research papers [5%]
7) Broad Impact, measured by the university's h-index [5%]
8) Patents, measured by the number of international patent filings [5%]
Source: CWUR web-site
ARWU considers every university that has any Nobel Laureates, Fields Medalists, Highly Cited Researchers, or papers published in Nature or Science. In addition, universities with significant amount of papers indexed by Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCIE) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) are also included. In total, more than 1200 universities are actually ranked and the best 500 are published on the web.
Ranking Criteria and Weights:
Universities are ranked by several indicators of academic or research performance, including alumni and staff winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals, highly cited researchers, papers published in Nature and Science, papers indexed in major citation indices, and the per capita academic performance of an institution. For each indicator, the highest scoring institution is assigned a score of 100, and other institutions are calculated as a percentage of the top score. The distribution of data for each indicator is examined for any significant distorting effect; standard statistical techniques are used to adjust the indicator if necessary. Scores for each indicator are weighted as shown below to arrive at a final overall score for an institution. The highest scoring institution is assigned a score of 100, and other institutions are calculated as a percentage of the top score. An institution's rank reflects the number of institutions that sit above it.
Definition of Indicators:
Alumni?(Weight 10%) -?The total number of the alumni of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals. Alumni are defined as those who obtain bachelor, Master's or doctoral degrees from the institution. Different weights are set according to the periods of obtaining degrees. The weight is 100% for alumni obtaining degrees in 2001-2010, 90% for alumni obtaining degrees in 1991-2000, 80% for alumni obtaining degrees in 1981-1990, and so on, and finally 10% for alumni obtaining degrees in 1911-1920. If a person obtains more than one degrees from an institution, the institution is considered once only.?
Quality of Education?-?Alumni of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals.
Award?(Weight 20%) -?The total number of the staff of an institution winning Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine and Economics and Fields Medal in Mathematics. Staff is defined as those who work at an institution at the time of winning the prize. Different weights are set according to the periods of winning the prizes. The weight is 100% for winners after 2011, 90% for winners in 2001-2010, 80% for winners in 1991-2000, 70% for winners in 1981-1990, and so on, and finally 10% for winners in 1921-1930. If a winner is affiliated with more than one institution, each institution is assigned the reciprocal of the number of institutions. For Nobel prizes, if a prize is shared by more than one person, weights are set for winners according to their proportion of the prize.?
Quality of Faculty?-?Staff of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals.
HiCi?(Weight 20%) -?The number of Highly Cited Researchers selected by Thomson Reuters
. Latest of The Highly Cited Researchers list issued was used for the calculation of HiCi indicator in ARWU 2016. Only the primary affiliations of Highly Cited Researchers are considered.
?Quality of Faculty?-?Highly cited researchers in 21 broad subject categories.
N&S?(Weight 20%) -?The number of papers published in Nature and Science between 2011 and 2015. To distinguish the order of author affiliation, a weight of 100% is assigned for corresponding author affiliation, 50% for first author affiliation (second author affiliation if the first author affiliation is the same as corresponding author affiliation), 25% for the next author affiliation, and 10% for other author affiliations. Only publications of 'Article' type is considered.?
Research Output?-?Papers published in Nature and Science. (For institutions specialized in humanities and social sciences such as London School of Economics, N&S is not considered, and the weight of N&S is relocated to other indicators.)
PUB?(Weight 20%) -?Total number of papers indexed in Science Citation Index-Expanded and Social Science Citation Index in 2015. Only publications of 'Article' type is considered. When calculating the total number of papers of an institution, a special weight of two was introduced for papers indexed in Social Science Citation Index.?
Research Output?-?Papers indexed in Science Citation Index-expanded and Social Science Citation Index.
PCP?(Weight 10%) -?The weighted scores of the above five indicators divided by the number of full-time equivalent academic staff. If the number of academic staff for institutions of a country cannot be obtained, the weighted scores of the above five indicators is used
ARWU considers every university that has any Nobel Laureates, Fields Medalists, Highly Cited Researchers, or papers published in Nature or Science. In addition, universities with significant amount of papers indexed by Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCIE) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) are also included. In total, more than 1200 universities are actually ranked and the best 500 are published on the web.
Ranking Criteria and Weights:
Universities are ranked by several indicators of academic or research performance, including alumni and staff winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals, highly cited researchers, papers published in Nature and Science, papers indexed in major citation indices, and the per capita academic performance of an institution. For each indicator, the highest scoring institution is assigned a score of 100, and other institutions are calculated as a percentage of the top score. The distribution of data for each indicator is examined for any significant distorting effect; standard statistical techniques are used to adjust the indicator if necessary. Scores for each indicator are weighted as shown below to arrive at a final overall score for an institution. The highest scoring institution is assigned a score of 100, and other institutions are calculated as a percentage of the top score. An institution's rank reflects the number of institutions that sit above it.
Definition of Indicators:
Alumni?(Weight 10%) -?The total number of the alumni of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals. Alumni are defined as those who obtain bachelor, Master's or doctoral degrees from the institution. Different weights are set according to the periods of obtaining degrees. The weight is 100% for alumni obtaining degrees in 2001-2010, 90% for alumni obtaining degrees in 1991-2000, 80% for alumni obtaining degrees in 1981-1990, and so on, and finally 10% for alumni obtaining degrees in 1911-1920. If a person obtains more than one degrees from an institution, the institution is considered once only.?Quality of Education?-?Alumni of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals.
Award?(Weight 20%) -?The total number of the staff of an institution winning Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine and Economics and Fields Medal in Mathematics. Staff is defined as those who work at an institution at the time of winning the prize. Different weights are set according to the periods of winning the prizes. The weight is 100% for winners after 2011, 90% for winners in 2001-2010, 80% for winners in 1991-2000, 70% for winners in 1981-1990, and so on, and finally 10% for winners in 1921-1930. If a winner is affiliated with more than one institution, each institution is assigned the reciprocal of the number of institutions. For Nobel prizes, if a prize is shared by more than one person, weights are set for winners according to their proportion of the prize.?Quality of Faculty?-?Staff of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals.
HiCi?(Weight 20%) -?The number of Highly Cited Researchers selected by Thomson Reuters. The Highly Cited Researchers list issued was used for the calculation of HiCi indicator in ARWU 2016. Only the primary affiliations of Highly Cited Researchers are considered.?Quality of Faculty?-?Highly cited researchers in 21 broad subject categories.
N&S?(Weight 20%) -?The number of papers published in Nature and Science between 2011 and 2015. To distinguish the order of author affiliation, a weight of 100% is assigned for corresponding author affiliation, 50% for first author affiliation (second author affiliation if the first author affiliation is the same as corresponding author affiliation), 25% for the next author affiliation, and 10% for other author affiliations. Only publications of 'Article' type is considered.?Research Output?-?Papers published in Nature and Science. (For institutions specialized in humanities and social sciences such as London School of Economics, N&S is not considered, and the weight of N&S is relocated to other indicators.)
PUB?(Weight 20%) -?Total number of papers indexed in Science Citation Index-Expanded and Social Science Citation Index in 2015. Only publications of 'Article' type is considered. When calculating the total number of papers of an institution, a special weight of two was introduced for papers indexed in Social Science Citation Index.?Research Output?-?Papers indexed in Science Citation Index-expanded and Social Science Citation Index.
PCP?(Weight 10%) -?The weighted scores of the above five indicators divided by the number of full-time equivalent academic staff. If the number of academic staff for institutions of a country cannot be obtained, the weighted scores of the above five indicators is used
ARWU considers every university that has any Nobel Laureates, Fields Medalists, Highly Cited Researchers, or papers published in Nature or Science. In addition, universities with significant amount of papers indexed by Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCIE) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) are also included. In total, more than 1200 universities are actually ranked and the best 500 are published on the web.
Ranking Criteria and Weights:
Universities are ranked by several indicators of academic or research performance, including alumni and staff winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals, highly cited researchers, papers published in Nature and Science, papers indexed in major citation indices, and the per capita academic performance of an institution. For each indicator, the highest scoring institution is assigned a score of 100, and other institutions are calculated as a percentage of the top score. The distribution of data for each indicator is examined for any significant distorting effect; standard statistical techniques are used to adjust the indicator if necessary. Scores for each indicator are weighted as shown below to arrive at a final overall score for an institution. The highest scoring institution is assigned a score of 100, and other institutions are calculated as a percentage of the top score. An institution's rank reflects the number of institutions that sit above it.
Definition of Indicators:
Alumni (Weight 10%) - The total number of the alumni of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals. Alumni are defined as those who obtain bachelor, Master's or doctoral degrees from the institution. Different weights are set according to the periods of obtaining degrees. The weight is 100% for alumni obtaining degrees in 2001-2010, 90% for alumni obtaining degrees in 1991-2000, 80% for alumni obtaining degrees in 1981-1990, and so on, and finally 10% for alumni obtaining degrees in 1911-1920. If a person obtains more than one degrees from an institution, the institution is considered once only. Quality of Education - Alumni of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals.
Award (Weight 20%) - The total number of the staff of an institution winning Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine and Economics and Fields Medal in Mathematics. Staff is defined as those who work at an institution at the time of winning the prize. Different weights are set according to the periods of winning the prizes. The weight is 100% for winners after 2011, 90% for winners in 2001-2010, 80% for winners in 1991-2000, 70% for winners in 1981-1990, and so on, and finally 10% for winners in 1921-1930. If a winner is affiliated with more than one institution, each institution is assigned the reciprocal of the number of institutions. For Nobel prizes, if a prize is shared by more than one person, weights are set for winners according to their proportion of the prize. Quality of Faculty - Staff of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals.
HiCi (Weight 20%) - The number of Highly Cited Researchers selected by Thomson Reuters. The Highly Cited Researchers list issued in December 2015 (2015 HCR List as of December 1 2015) was used for the calculation of HiCi indicator in ARWU 2016. Only the primary affiliations of Highly Cited Researchers are considered. Quality of Faculty - Highly cited researchers in 21 broad subject categories.
N&S (Weight 20%) - The number of papers published in Nature and Science between 2011 and 2015. To distinguish the order of author affiliation, a weight of 100% is assigned for corresponding author affiliation, 50% for first author affiliation (second author affiliation if the first author affiliation is the same as corresponding author affiliation), 25% for the next author affiliation, and 10% for other author affiliations. Only publications of 'Article' type is considered. Research Output - Papers published in Nature and Science. (For institutions specialized in humanities and social sciences such as London School of Economics, N&S is not considered, and the weight of N&S is relocated to other indicators.)
PUB (Weight 20%) - Total number of papers indexed in Science Citation Index-Expanded and Social Science Citation Index in 2015. Only publications of 'Article' type is considered. When calculating the total number of papers of an institution, a special weight of two was introduced for papers indexed in Social Science Citation Index. Research Output - Papers indexed in Science Citation Index-expanded and Social Science Citation Index.
PCP (Weight 10%) - The weighted scores of the above five indicators divided by the number of full-time equivalent academic staff. If the number of academic staff for institutions of a country cannot be obtained, the weighted scores of the above five indicators is used