What is Robot Vision
Robot vision refers to not only taking visual information as input, but also processing this information, and then extracting useful information for robots.
A three-dimensional object in the objective world is transformed into a two-dimensional plane image by a sensor (such as a camera), and then the image of the object is output after image processing. Usually, robots need two types of information to judge the position and shape of objects, namely distance information and light and shade information. Of course, as the visual information of the object, there is also color information, but it is not as important as the first two types of information for the recognition of the position and shape of the object. The robot vision system is very dependent on light, and often requires good lighting conditions in order to make the image of the object the clearest, enhance the detection information, and overcome problems such as shadows, low contrast, and mirror reflection.
Components of Robot Vision
1. TV camera
The group camera is a typical visual information input device, and it has the following configurations.
① A video camera. Including: ordinary TV cameras, HDTV cameras, high-speed cameras, etc., or black and white, color, infrared cameras.
②A camera for multi-eye vision. Including: stereo vision requires two cameras, trinocular vision requires three cameras, etc.
③Scattered configuration of cameras. Since cameras have become small and cheap, it is allowed to configure multiple cameras around the environment, so as to achieve the best combination of cameras. The parameters of the camera, such as focal length, aperture, zoom, direction of the camera (azimuth, elevation), etc., can be controlled by a computer program.
2. distance measuring device
Laser and infrared rays are emitted, and when they hit objects, they will produce reflected light. Using the measurement of the direction and time of reflected light, the distance of the object can be determined, and products based on this ranging principle (called the active method) have begun to be sold on the market. However, measuring distance with multi-eye vision usually uses multiple TV cameras, which do not belong to this category.
3. image processing device
A device that extracts features from an image and performs high-speed processing to generate a corresponding similar image is called an image processing device. Its hardware includes dedicated LSI (Large Scale Inte-grated circuit, large-scale integrated circuit), FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array, field programmable gate array), DSP (Digital Signal Processor, digital signal processor), etc., and their combinations system.
4. computer
Most of robot vision adopts PC. In order to achieve high-speed processing, people often combine PCs containing multiple processors, or multiple PCs connected in the form of a high-speed network into a combined PC group.
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