WHAT IS ORACLE

Oracle Corporation?is an American?multinational?computer?technology corporation?headquartered in?Austin, Texas.[5]?In 2020, Oracle was the?third-largest software company?in the world by revenue and market capitalization.[6]?The company sells?database software and technology?(particularly?its own brands),?cloud engineered systems, and?enterprise software?products, such as?enterprise resource planning?(ERP) software,?human capital management?(HCM) software,?customer relationship management?(CRM) software (also known as?customer experience),?enterprise performance management?(EPM) software, and?supply chain management?(SCM) software.[7]

History

Development Laboratories?(SDL).[2]?Ellison took inspiration[8]?from the 1970 paper written by?Edgar F. Codd?on relational database management systems (RDBMS) named "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks."[9]?He heard about the?IBM System R?database from an article in the?IBM Research Journal?provided by Oates. Ellison wanted to make Oracle's product compatible with System R, but failed to do so as IBM kept the error codes for their DBMS a secret. SDL changed its name to?Relational Software, Inc?(RSI) in 1979,[10]?then again to?Oracle Systems Corporation?in 1983,[11]?to align itself more closely with its flagship product?Oracle Database. The name also drew from the 1977 CIA project codename, which was also Oracle's first customer.[12]?At this stage, Bob Miner served as the company's senior programmer. On March 12, 1986, the company had its?initial public offering.[13]

In 1989, Oracle moved its world headquarters to the?Redwood Shores?neighborhood of?Redwood City, California, though its campus was not completed until 1995.[14]

In 1995, Oracle Systems Corporation changed its name to?Oracle Corporation,[15]?officially named Oracle, but is sometimes referred to as Oracle Corporation, the name of the holding company.[16]?Part of Oracle Corporation's early success arose from using the?C programming language?to implement its products. This eased porting to different?operating systems?most of which support C.[17]

In 2005, Oracle acquired PeopleSoft, an?ERP?company, and in 2006 Siebel, a?CRM?company. In 2008 Oracle acquired?BEA Systems, an enterprise infrastructure software company and in 2010 it acquired?Sun Microsystems, a computer hardware and software company (famous for its?Java programming language).

On July 15, 2013, Oracle transferred its stock listing from the Nasdaq to the NYSE. At the time, it was the largest-ever U.S. market transfer.[18]

In an effort to compete with?Amazon Web Services?and its products, Oracle announced in 2019 it was partnering with former rival?Microsoft. The alliance called that?Oracle Cloud?and?Microsoft Azure?would be directly connected, allowing customers of each to store data on both?cloud computing?platforms and run software on either Oracle or Azure. Some saw this not only as an attempt to compete with Amazon but also?Google?and?Salesforce, which acquired?Looker?and?Tableau Software, respectively.[19]

On December 11, 2020, Oracle announced that it was moving its world headquarters from Redwood Shores to Austin, Texas.[20]

On December 20, 2021, Oracle announced the acquisition of?Cerner, a?health information technology?company.[21]?The next day, on December 21, Oracle made public the acquisition of?Federos, an AI and automation tools company for network performance.[22]?The acquisition of Cerner was completed in June 2022 for $28.3 billion in cash.[23]

On August 23, 2022,?Oracle was hit with a class action lawsuit, which alleges that Oracle has been operating a "surveillance machine" which tracks in real-time and records indefinitely the personal information of hundreds of millions of people.[24][25]

In February 2023, the company announced it was going to invest $1.5 billion into the?Kingdom of Saudi Arabia?as a part of the ongoing tech investment in the country. As a part of the investment, Oracle will be opening a data centre in the country's capital,?Riyadh.[26]

Products and services[edit]

Oracle designs, manufactures, and sells both software and hardware products and offers services that complement them (such as financing, training, consulting, and hosting services). Many of the products have been added to Oracle's portfolio through?acquisitions.

Software[edit]

Oracle's E-delivery service (Oracle Software Delivery Cloud) provides generic downloadable Oracle software and documentation.[27]

Databases[edit]

• Oracle Database
• Release 10: In 2004, Oracle Corporation shipped release 10g?(g?standing for "grid") as the then latest version of?Oracle Database. (Oracle Application Server?10g?using?Java EE?integrated with the server part of that version of the database, making it possible to deploy?web-technology applications. The application server was the first?middle-tier?software designed for?grid computing. The interrelationship between?Oracle?10g?and?Java?allowed developers to set up?stored procedures?written in the Java language, as well as, those written in the traditional Oracle database programming language,?PL/SQL.)[citation needed]
• Release 11: Release 11g became available in 2007. Oracle Corporation released Oracle Database 11g Release 2 in September 2009. This version was available in four commercial editions—Enterprise Edition, Standard Edition, Standard Edition One, and Personal Edition—and in one free edition—the Express Edition. The licensing of these editions shows various restrictions and obligations that were called complex by licensing expert Freirich Florea.[28]?The Enterprise Edition (DB EE), the most expensive of the Database Editions, has the fewest restrictions—but nevertheless has complex licensing. Oracle Corporation constrains the Standard Edition (DB SE) and Standard Edition One (SE1) with more licensing restrictions, in accordance with their lower price.
• Release 12: Release 12c?(c?standing for "cloud") became available on July 1, 2013.[29]

Oracle Corporation has acquired and developed the following additional database technologies:

• Berkeley DB, which offers?embedded database?processing
• Oracle Rdb, a relational database system running on?OpenVMS?platforms. Oracle acquired Rdb in 1994 from?Digital Equipment Corporation. Oracle has since made many enhancements to this product and development continues as of 2008.
• TimesTen, which features in-memory database operations
• Oracle Essbase, which continues the?Hyperion?Essbase tradition of?multi-dimensional database?management
• MySQL, a relational database management system licensed under the?GNU General Public License, initially developed by?MySQL AB
• Oracle NoSQL Database, a scalable, distributed key-value?NoSQL?database[30]

Middleware[edit]

Main article:?Oracle Fusion Middleware