What is a Microgrid?

Microgrids | Distributed Energy Systems | Local Power Generation

These terms have quickly dominated the landscape of energy policy and energy discussions, these days. What do these terms mean and to what end?

Let's first explore the terminology; specifically, the microgrid.

Microgrids are localized independent energy systems that generate, store and distribute energy within a "smaller" area. A smaller area may be defined as a farm, a neighbourhood community or an industrial park. A microgrid can operate either connected to the main grid or autonomously. The key components of a microgrid include the generation sources, energy storage systems, distribution networks, and control systems.

• Generation Sources: Microgrids can incorporate various types of generation sources; such as solar panels, wind turbines, combustion turbines, diesel or gas generators, biomass and hydropower systems. The generating sources depend on the availability of resources in the specific location. These generation sources are interconnected and work together to generate electricity and heat to meet the energy demands of the microgrid.
• Energy Storage Systems: Microgrids often include energy storage systems, such as batteries, or thermal storage that store excess energy generated during periods of low demand or high generation. These energy storage systems can provide backup power during times of low or no generation, ensuring a reliable and continuous energy supply to the microgrid. The batteries can also act as smoothing agents for complexes with cyclical large loads. The thermal storage can be used to provide heat or working fluids to HVAC/process at a constant rate.
• Distribution Networks: Microgrids have their own localized distribution networks that deliver electricity from the generation sources and energy storage systems to the end users. These distribution networks are designed to efficiently distribute electricity within the microgrid through transformers, switchgear, and other distribution equipment. These items would be considered as infrastructure "behind the fence".
• Control Systems: Microgrids are managed by advanced control systems that monitor and manage the generation, storage, and distribution of electricity & heat. These control systems use advanced algorithms and real-time data to optimize the operation of the microgrid. The control systems ensure that energy is generated, stored, and distributed efficiently and effectively. Typically, these systems are designed and supplied by manufacturers with experience on large scale distribution, such as 西门子能源

One of the key principles of the philosophy of microgrids is energy resilience.

Microgrids provide local, reliable power supply that can be less dependent on the main grid. The advantage here is reduced risks associated with power outages, extreme weather events or other grid disruptions. By incorporating renewable energy sources and energy storage systems, microgrids can continue to generate electricity and provide power to critical loads even during main grid outages, thus ensuring uninterrupted energy supply to communities and businesses.

Another important aspect of the philosophy of microgrids is sustainability.

Microgrids enable the integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, biomass & RNG sources into the local energy mix. This reduction of greenhouse gas emissions promotes and maximizes environmental conservation efforts.

Microgrids are a form of energy optimization.

Microgrids promote energy efficiency by optimizing the generation, distribution, and consumption of energy, locally. By reducing waste and maximizing the utilization of available energy resources, efficiency losses are greatly diminished. This emphasis on how we create energy is only half the battle. Optimization of creation and use is a key step towards sustainability.

Overall, the philosophy of microgrids centers around creating localized, resilient, and sustainable energy solutions that empower communities and businesses to have more control over their energy supply.

With a focus on energy resilience, sustainability, flexibility, and local economic development, microgrids offer a promising approach to addressing energy challenges and fostering a more sustainable and decentralized energy future.

For more information and updates on our efforts to become a leader in this space please visit www.p8power.com. Blog post available here.

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Sources:

1. "Microgrid: A Beginner's Guide" by Microgrid Knowledge. Available at: https://microgridknowledge.com/microgrid-beginners-guide/
2. "Microgrids: An Overview of Ongoing Research, Development, and Demonstration Projects in the United States" by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Available at: https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy19osti/72906.pdf
3. "Microgrids: A Technical Guide for Decentralized Energy Generation" by International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Available at: https://www.iec.ch/whitepaper/pdf/iecWP-microgrids-LR-en.pdf
4. "Microgrid Systems and Their Applications" by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Available at: https://www.ieee-pes.org/technical-topics/microgrid-systems-and-their-applications
5. "Microgrids: A Regulatory Perspective." Alberta Utilities Commission. https://www.auc.ab.ca/regulated-and-utilities/Power/Documents/Industry%20Webinars/2020-12-09%20-%20Microgrids.pdf
6. "Microgrid: An Energy Solution for Alberta's Rural Communities." Alberta Rural Development