What is industry40?

Industry 4.0 refers to the ongoing automation and digitalization of manufacturing and related industries. It's a combination of technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), cloud computing, big data, and robotics, all working together to create a more connected, efficient, and flexible industrial landscape

• Interconnectivity:?Machines,?devices,?and systems are connected through the IoT,?sharing data and communicating with each other in real-time.?This allows for greater automation and coordination in the production process.
• Data-driven insights:?Sensors and other data-gathering devices collect vast amounts of data about the production process.?This data is then analyzed by AI and ML algorithms to identify trends,?predict problems,?and optimize operations.
• Cyber-physical systems (CPS):?CPS are physical systems that are integrated with digital systems.?This allows for real-time monitoring and control of physical processes,?leading to greater efficiency and responsiveness.
• Smart factories:?Industry 4.0 factories are equipped with intelligent machines and systems that can make decisions and adapt to changing conditions on their own.?This allows for more flexible and agile production processes.
• Human-machine collaboration:?While Industry 4.0 involves a lot of automation,?it doesn't mean that humans are out of the picture.?Instead,?humans and machines will work together in new ways,?with humans focusing on higher-level tasks such as creativity,?problem-solving,?and strategic decision-making.

So, while Germany's Industrie 4.0 project is often credited with popularizing the term and concept, Industry 4.0 is a global phenomenon driven by multiple factors and technologies.

Who started it ? Why it is called industry 4.0?

The exact origin of Industry 4.0 is debated, but the concept gained traction in Germany in the late 2000s. It was initially driven by a government-led high-tech strategy project called Industrie 4.0, launched in 2011.

• Industrie 4.0 (German term): The original term coined by the German government, still widely used in Europe and technical contexts.
• Made in China 2025 (Chinese initiative): China's national strategy for becoming a leader in high-tech manufacturing, drawing inspiration from Industry 4.0 principles.
• Society 5.0 (Japanese concept): A broader vision for a human-centered, technology-driven society encompassing Industry 4.0 alongside other innovative fields.

Synonyms for Industry4.0

Technology Components of Industry4.0

Augmented Reality :

• Virtual reality : either physical world immersed in virtual world or vice versa , virtual reality include entertainment (e.g. video games), education (e.g. medical or military training) and business (e.g. virtual meetings).
• Mixed Reality (MR). MR is the merging of real and virtual worlds to produce new environments and visual
• Augmented reality (AR), a related term, takes place in the physical world, with information or objects added virtuallyHaptics is one such technology which in this , sensing based on touch , there are lot advancement to use this science to touch into merging physical and virtual world

Additive Manufacturing

The classic example of additive manufacturing is 3D printing. Instead of prototyping individual components, companies can now produce small batches of customized products. The resulting advantages include the speedy manufacturing of complex, lightweight designs.

• The first is sintering whereby the material is heated without being liquified to create complex high-resolution objects. Direct metal laser sintering uses metal powder whereas selective laser sintering uses a laser on thermoplastic powders so that the particles stick together. ?
• ·Directed energy deposition which uses a laser to melt layers of metal powder and electron beam melting, which uses electron beams to melt the powders.
• The third is stereolithography, which uses a process called photopolymerization, whereby an ultraviolet laser is fired into a vat of photopolymer resin to create torque-resistant ceramic parts able to endure extreme temperatures.

The Cloud

• The more production-related initiatives a company undertakes, the more it needs to share data across sites. Meanwhile, cloud technologies continue to get faster and more powerful. Companies will increasingly deploy machine data and analytics to the cloud, thus enabling more data driven services for production systems.

Cybersecurity

• It’s no surprise that Industry 4.0 boosts increased connectivity and the use of standard communications protocols. As a result, the need to protect critical industrial systems and manufacturing lines from cybersecurity threats rises dramatically. For this reason, secure, reliable communications, together with sophisticated access management for machines and identity verification of users, are essential.
• Big Data and Analytics. In an Industry 4.0 context, the collection and comprehensive evaluation of data from many different sources— production equipment and systems as well as enterprise- and customer management systems—will become table stakes.

Horizontal and Vertical System Integration

• Industry 4.0 allows companies, departments, functions, and capabilities to become much more cohesive. Cross-company, universal data-integration networks evolve and enable truly automated value chains.

The Internet of things - (IoT)

• This describes physical objects (or groups of such objects) that are embedded with sensors, processing ability, software, and other technologies, and that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the Internet or other communications networks.
• Simulation. Simulations are a cornerstone of the industrial revolution 4.0. They’re used extensively in plant operations to leverage real-time data and to mirror the physical world.

Autonomous Robots

Autonomous robots can interact with one another and work safely side by side with humans. These robots will cost less and have an increasing range of capabilities over time.

A fully autonomous robot can: ? Gain information about the environment ? Work for an extended period without human intervention ? Move either all or part of itself throughout its operating environment without human assistance ? Avoid situations that are harmful to people, property, or itself unless those are part of its design specifications.

Simulation

Simulations are a cornerstone of the industrial revolution 4.0. They’re used extensively in plant operations to leverage real-time data and to mirror the physical world.

Digitization, Digitalization, Digital Transformation difference where does Industry 4.0 stack up

?The terms digitization, digitalization, and digital transformation are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings and represent different stages in the process of integrating technology into businesses and processes.

Here's a breakdown:

Digitization:

• What it is:?Converting analog information (physical documents, audio tapes, etc.) into digital formats (files, images, audio recordings, etc.).
• Think of it as:?Scanning a paper document to create a PDF file.
• Impact:?Improves storage, accessibility, and searchability of information.

?Digitalization:

• What it is:?Applying digital technologies to existing processes and workflows. This can involve using software, automation tools, and data analytics to improve efficiency, accuracy, and customer experience.
• Think of it as:?Using accounting software to automate bookkeeping tasks.
• Impact:?Increases efficiency, reduces errors, and provides better insights into data.

Digital Transformation:

• What it is:?A fundamental change in how a business operates and delivers value using digital technologies. This can involve creating new business models, products, and services, as well as changing organizational culture and ways of working.
• Think of it as:?A newspaper company launching a successful online news platform and paywall system.
• Impact:?Creates new opportunities for growth, innovation, and competitive advantage.

Industry 4.0 fits within the framework of digital transformation in the context of manufacturing. It refers to the integration of advanced technologies like cyber-physical systems, IoT, AI, and big data into manufacturing processes to create a more interconnected, intelligent, and adaptable production system.

Here's a helpful analogy to understand the relationship between these terms:

Imagine a car: Digitization?is like converting the car's manual gauges to digital displays. Digitalization?is like adding cruise control and GPS navigation. Digital transformation?is like developing a self-driving car that can navigate and react to its environment autonomously.

What is the current state of adoption of industy4.0 in India, world

Government Initiatives:nbsp;

The Indian government has launched several initiatives to promote Industry 4.0 adoption,?such as the "Make in India" program and the "Digital India" mission.?These initiatives provide financial incentives,?infrastructure development,?and skill development programs to encourage businesses to embrace digital technologies.

Digital India

Increased Automation: Digital technologies like automation, robotics, and AI are driving investments in modernizing and upgrading industrial processes. This can attract new investments and potentially increase production capacity.

Improved Connectivity: "Digital India" initiatives like broadband infrastructure expansion and digital literacy programs enhance connectivity within and across industrial ecosystems, potentially attracting investors seeking efficient data exchange and collaboration.

E-Governance Platforms: Streamlining processes through online platforms and digital permits can ease regulatory hurdles and expedite project approvals, potentially leading to faster investment realization.

Make In India:

IT? India has seen a huge surge in equity FDI inflow. It has increased from $2.3 billion to $5.9 billion.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into India's manufacturing sector has seen a significant rise since the launch of "Make in India" in 2014. From USD 16.5 billion in 2013-14 to USD 83.57 billion in 2021-22, it represents a fivefold increase.

Growth in Manufacturing: The manufacturing sector's Gross Value Added (GVA) has also grown steadily, contributing around 15.6% to India's GDP in 2022-23 compared to 14.1% in 2014-15. This indicates overall expansion and potential investment realization.?

Challenges and Bottlenecks Industry4.0nbsp; adoptions

• The government aims to augment the share of manufacturing in GDP to 25 per cent from the current 17 % by 2025 and global manufacturing hub by 2030.
• A significant portion of the Indian manufacturing sector is still in the post-electrification phase with use of technology limited to systems that function independently of each other.
• The integration of physical systems on cyber platforms, the basic premise of I4.0, is still at its infancy.
• Furthermore, the Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSME) segment has very little access to technology due to the high-cost barrier, at the same time China plus strategy has potential to increased access to investments to MSME sectors
• Lack of Skills and Infrastructure:?There's a shortage of skilled professionals who can design,?implement,?and manage Industry 4.0 systems.?Additionally,?India's digital infrastructure needs further development to support widespread adoption of these technologies.
• Cybersecurity Concerns:?Integrating physical and digital systems raises concerns about cybersecurity vulnerabilities.?Robust cybersecurity measures need to be in place to protect sensitive data and industrial processes.
• Change Management:?Transitioning to Industry 4.0 requires a shift in organizational culture and employee mindset.?This can be challenging for some businesses,?particularly those with traditional hierarchies and workflows.

What is the future skill sets of industrial workers?

Technical:

• Data Literacy & Analytics:?Turn data into insights to optimize processes and make data-driven decisions.
• Cybersecurity:?Understand and protect systems from cyber threats.
• Coding & Programming:?Interact with robots, machines, and software applications.
• Cloud Computing:?Navigate cloud-based technologies and applications.
• Robotics & Automation:?Operate, program, and maintain robots effectively.

Soft Skills:

• Critical Thinking & Problem-Solving:?Tackle complex challenges and make informed decisions in dynamic situations.
• Communication & Collaboration:?Work effectively with diverse teams and stakeholders.
• Adaptability & Lifelong Learning:?Continuously learn and adapt to new technologies and processes.
• Creativity & Innovation:?Develop new ideas and solutions in a rapidly changing environment.
• Emotional Intelligence:?Understand and manage emotions in human-machine interactions.

?Education:

• Overall, the educational attainment of industrial workers in India is relatively low.?According to a 2018 Consumer Pyramid Household Survey,?62.5% of the working population had a maximum educational qualification of secondary education (10th-12th grade).?Only around?12% had graduated or attained higher qualifications.
• Younger workers (age 18-34) are generally more educated?than their older counterparts.?Surveys suggest that around?20-30% of this age group hold undergraduate degrees or higher.?The Indian industrial workforce is predominantly young.
• The median age of industrial workers is estimated to be around?28 years old,?significantly lower than in many developed countries.

Conclusion

Most Industry 4.0 investments are currently in Cloud, IoT, Big Data Analytics, Connectivity Tech, and RPA, while a few manufacturers are experimenting with single/multi-site dark factory platforms 50% of the current Industry 4.0 spend is in Cloud and IoT/IIoT, indicating early stages in establishing Industry 4.0 foundation.

Invest in digitalization across the supply chain, compared with value chains that have just established or are still emerging, highlighting the network advantage

References:

• AIMA-KPMG-industry-4.0-report.pdf:?
• Challenges and Bottlenecks for Implementing Industry 4.0 in India - ISA Interchange - International Society of Automation (ISA)
• India:?share of working population by education | Statista
• Fourth Industrial Revolution:?Realizing India's Demographic Dividend -?Centre for Sustainable Employment - Azim Premji University?
• Drishti IAS Blog:?India’s Demographic Dividend?
• India Industry4.0adoption NASSCOM &? KPMG Study 2022

India Industry4.0adoption NASSCOM &? KPMG Study 2022