What Function of Ultrapure Water Machine for PCR Laboratory.

I. What is PCR laboratory?

PCR laboratory,Polymerase Chain Reaction,also named gene amplification laboratory, is a molecular biology technology which is used to ampligy specific DNA fragments. It can be regarded as special DNA replication in vitro.Through the DNA gene tracking system, the virus content in the patient's body can be quickly grasped with an accuracy of nanometer level.

It's specially used to test viral infectious diseases, such as AIDS, hepatitis B, cronovirus and poultry disease. It can be used to amplify the genes contained in the virus to detect whether some infected person with low virus content contain specific viruses.

In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the construction of clinical gene amplification testing laboratories, because it plays a vital role in the reliability,accuracy and safty of test result.

II. Introduction of PCR laboratory biosafety level.

The PCR laboratory usually has 4 levels to deal with infectious disease research of different security level.

P1 laboratory: It's basic laboratory which is suitable for low harm to human body, animals, plants or the enviroment, and doesn't have pathogenic factors for healthy adults, animals or plants.

P2 laboratory: It's basic laboratory which is suitable pathogenic factors that are moderately harmful or potentially dangerous to the human body, animals, plants or environment, but will not cause serious harm to healthy adults, animals or enviroment, and effective potention and treatment measures are available.

P3 laboratory: It's protection laboratory which is suitable for the treatment of highly hazardous to humans, animals, plants or the environment, through direct contact or aerosols to infect people with serious even fatal diseases, or pathogenic factors that are highly harmful to human body, animals, plants or the environment. It usually has prevention or treatment measures, such as SARS, MERS, H1N1, H5N9 and corona virus.

P4 laboratory: The highest level of protection laboratory, suitable for highly hazardous to humans, animals, plants or the enviroment, spread through aerosels or unknown transmission routes, or unknown, highly dangerous pathogenic factors. There are no prevention or treament measures, such as Ebola virus.

III. Introduction of ultrapure water machine.

Ultrapure water machine is usually composed by pre-treatment system, RO system and ultrapure system.

The first system is able to filtrate sediment, rust, alga, suspended matter, colloid, particles and remove free chlorine,pigment,odor,calcium,magnesium.It can change hard water to soft water to prevent scalling and effectively protect the next RO membrane and extend its working life.

The second RO system uses reverse osmosis technology what is membrane seperation and filtration technology powered by pressure difference.The RO membrane originated from the aerospace science and technology research in the 1960s in the United States.The pore size of RO membrane is as small as nanometers(0.0001-0.001um). Under certain pressure, H2O molecules can pass through the RO membrane, but the inorganic salt ions, organics, colloid, bacteria, endotoxin and other impurities in the raw water can't pass through the RO membrane.RO membrane has removal rate of over 99% for high-valent ions, colloid, bacteria and organic matter with a molecular weight greater than 300 Dalton(including endotoxin). And the removal rate of low-valent ions(NA,KO) can reach 90%-95%. The production pure water can easily arrive at the national standard of water type III(2-10us/cm). It's usually used to wash glassware and laboratory equipments, or as feed water to ultrapure water machine.

The last ultrapure water system usually uses polishing resin ion exchange or EDI electrodeionization technology. The ion exchange resin uses H+ to exchange cations and OH- to exchange anions in the incoming pure water. The H+ and OH- replaced in the resin combine to generate H2O, and the resistivity is usually 15-18.25MΩ.com(conductivity: 0.055-0.066us/cm).

IV. What function of ultrapure water machine for PCR laboratory?

Ultrapure water machine has two water take points,RO water and UP water. RO water is usually used to wash glassware and equipments, and UP water is used to experiments and analysis.In PCR experiments, ultrapure water is usually used to configure the electrophoresis instrument buffer, maintain the humidity of the cell incubator, clean the sampling needle of the sequenceror the pipette, prepare reagents or dilute the solution.It means that, almost all experiments need ultrapure water.Meanwhile,in order to reduce the influence of impurities in the water on the experiments, the water machine has strict requirements on the electrical resistivity, conductivity and content of microorganism, bacteria, microparticles. heavy metal ions, TOC and endotoxin of the effluent.

In recent years, due to the frequent occurrence of public health incidents, various countries have paid more and more attention to PCR laboratories. Especially some major health accidents have caused global turmoil, such as SARS, corona virus,tuberculosis and so on.As a water treatment equipment company, while we are developing ourselves, we also hope that we can contribute to the development of PCR laboratory. At the same time, we hope that the world will return to normal order at an early date.