What is Forging？
Forging, has a very long history in China, it continues with the production of hand workshops. Probably in the early 20th century, It gradually appeared with the form of mechanical industrialization in the industries of railway, military, shipbuilding and others. The main sign of this transformation is the use of machines with powerful forging capabilities.
Pic 1： forging
Forging is widely used in the process of automotive manufacturing. With the advancement of technology, the precision of workpieces has been continuously improved, and the high-precision forging technology with low cost, low energy consumption and high quality has been widely used. Depending on the deformation temperature during metal plastic forming, the auto parts we can make include: automotive clutch engagement ring gear, automotive transmission Input shaft parts, bearing rings, automotive constant velocity joint sliding sleeve products, automotive differential gears, automobile front axles, etc.
Pic2: auto parts
一、The definition and classification of forging
1.The definition
Forging is one of the two major components of forging (forging and stamping) by using a forging machine to apply pressure to a metal blank to deform it plastically for obtaining a forging with certain mechanical property, shape and size.
By forging, some defects can be eliminated such as as-cast looseness caused by metal in the smelting process, optimizing the microstructure, and at the same time, the mechanical properties of the forgings are generally better than those of the same materials due to the preservation of the complete metal flow lines. Forgings are often used except for the available rolled sheets, profiles or welded parts，for important parts of the relevant machinery with high load and severe working conditions,
2.The classification
According to different production tools, forging technology can be divided into free forging/open die forging, module forging, rolling ring and special forging.
Open die forging / free forging : Refers to a method of processing a forging, which uses a simple universal tool or an external force directly applied to the blank between the upper and lower anvil of the forging equipment to deform the blank to obtain the desired geometry and internal quality.
Close die forging: It means that the metal blank is deformed under pressure in a forging die having a certain shape to obtain a forged piece. Die forging can be divided into hot forging, warm forging and cold forging. Warm forging and cold forging are the future development directions of die forging, and also represent the level of forging technology.
Ring rolling: The production of ring parts of different diameters by special equipment grinding machine which also used to produce wheel parts such as automobile and train wheels.
Special forging: Forging, cross wedge rolling, radial forging, liquid forging and other forging methods are more suitable for the production of some special shape parts. For example, roll forging can be used as an effective preforming process to reduce subsequent forming pressures significantly ; cross wedge rolling can produce steel balls, drive shafts, etc.; radial forging can produce large forgings such as barrels and step shafts.
3、Forging materials
Forging materials are mainly carbon steel and alloy steel being composed of various compositions, and followed by aluminum, magnesium, copper, titanium and other alloys. Iron-based superalloys, nickel-based superalloys, and deformed alloys of cobalt-based superalloys are also forged. Because of their narrow plastic zone, it’s relatively hard to forge. And the heating temperature, opening and forging temperature and final temperature of different materials have strict requirements.
The raw states of the material are bar, ingot, metal powder and liquid metal. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the metal before deformation and that after deformation is called forging ratio.
Choosing correct forging ratio, reasonable heating temperature and holding time, reasonable initial forging temperature and final forging temperature, reasonable deformation and deformation speed has great effect on improving product quality and reducing cost.
Anyang Forging Press（https://anyanghammer.com）
Email: [email protected]