What is a Firmware. Where is it used?

We all use and apply various software applications in our day to day lives. Examples include Microsoft Word, Excel or design suites like AutoCAD. These applications are linked to our Operating System, whether it be MacOS, Windows or Linux.

But there is another type of code (instruction set) that works in tandem with the hardware components. In fact, this specific set of code instructs the processor, to load/boot up the operating system, communicate with connected peripherals, and perform Input/Output task. This is the Software for the Hardware, or better known as the Firmware.

Firmware is embedded within the hardware component and is inaccessible to the user. It is found in electronic devices such as Desktops, mobile phone, tablets even AI assistants. Most of them are stored in ROM (Read Only Memory) and cannot be edited or erased. Some though can be changed and is edited by the manufacturers. These come in the form of routine updates.

BIOS (Basic Input Output system) is a perfect example for a firmware. Present in our personal computers, it resides in a separate chip within the motherboard. The BIOS helps load the Operating System, checks if the hardware components work correctly and detects errors within Memory Modules.

Firmware is susceptible to cyber-attacks in the form of Rootkits, Trojans. The affected devices can be controlled remotely by the hacker, gaining access to user information.

In short, firmware is an integral part of a hardware ecosystem, and supports many background services, in conjunction with the Operating System