What is the Difference Between a Monograph, A Book, A journal and A Magazine ??

A monograph a detailed written study of a single specialized subject or an aspect of it. For Example: Burbick, Joan. Rodeo Queens and the American Dream. New York : Public Affairs, 2002.

A research paper is written to record insights in a particular topic in an academic area either in the arts, the sciences or the social sciences. The tone of a research paper is serious and no nonsense. It usually deals with serious topics, are very detailed and follow a strict format of referencing other books or papers or sources mentioned. This depends on the discipline. English literature prefers the MLA style of documentation. Social sciences prefer the APA style of documentation. Research papers are published in a journal. They can be authored by one person or several people. For example: papers published in the journal Nature.
 
A journal a newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular subject or professional activity  and is a collection of academic research papers or writing from several people based on a theme and published from time to time (either weekly, fortnightly, monthly, bimonthly, annually, biannually). The tone of a journal is serious. A journal has multiple authors. They are numbered or given seasonal names to keep track of the issues. For example: Granta Autumn 2014.    
 
A magazine a periodical publication containing articles and illustrations, often on a particular subject or aimed at a particular readership. There are magazines based on news (the Week, India Today), features (Open), science and technology (Wired), natural history (National Geographic), travel (Outlook Traveller), fashion (Elle, Cosmopolitan) and photography (Photographer) among others. They are published from time to time (either weekly, fortnightly, monthly, bimonthly, annually, biannually) The tone of a magazine can be either serious or light. Magazines are also numbered to keep track of the published issues.   
 
A book - a written or printed work consisting of pages glued or sewn together along one side and bound in covers. They can be a collection of papers penned by one author or several authors. For example: A.L Basham's 'The Wonder That was India'. PhD theses can be published as academic books. There are books written on pretty much any subject under the sun and in any tone.