What is Cryptography?

Cryptography is the science of securing information through mathematical techniques, ensuring that data is kept private and protected during transmission or storage. From ancient ciphers used in war to modern encryption methods securing digital communication, cryptography plays a crucial role in safeguarding sensitive information. This article delves into the history, principles, types, and modern applications of cryptography.There are two main goals of cryptography:

• Confidentiality: Ensuring that only authorized individuals can access the information.
• Integrity and Authenticity: Ensuring the data has not been altered or tampered with, and that the sender of the information is authenticated.