What is CNC?

CNC stands for computer numerical control, which is a technology that automatically controls machining tools by applying a microcomputer attached to the tool. The CNCs machine will run according to coded program instructions, such as the movement of the machine, material feed speed, speed, etc. The operator does not need to manually control the machine, so CNC helps to improve efficiency and accuracy to a large extent.

From the first CNC machine tool in the 1940s to 2023, CNC technology has been continuously developing and plays a vital role in different industries. If there are many inner layers, the thermal conductivity will be reduced, and vice versa. We will explain more details about this technology, including the working principle of CNC, the different processes of CNC machining, its advantages, and so on. Let's continue reading…

How does CNC work?

In a CNC system, a microcomputer is used to perform all basic functions according to the program loaded in the machine control unit, and can send instructions to the servo drive to realize various functions such as starting up, turning off the motor and coolant, and replacing tools and pallets. In addition, all CNC operations are continuously monitored by feedback equipment such as proximity sensors, pressure sensors, etc. So if there are any errors, the system will generate a “fault message” to warn the operator.

Types of CNC machine tools

CNC milling machine

Generally, CNC milling machines are composed of a three-axis system, that is, X, Y, and Z axes. Some advanced milling machines can accommodate three additional axes. This kind of machine can run on a program composed of number and letter prompts, which can guide the workpiece across different distances. As for programming, both G code and other unique languages developed by the manufacturing team can be used for milling machines.

lathe

CNC lathes can perform high-precision and high-speed cutting, and the lathes will use indexable tools to cut workpieces in the circular direction. Lathes have similar functions to CNC milling machines, and they can also be controlled by G code and other unique codes, but the lathe is only composed of 2 axes (X and Z axes). CNC lathes are suitable for manufacturing complex products that cannot be achieved by hand.

Plasma cutting machine

CNC plasma cutting machines are mostly used for cutting metal materials, and in a few cases they can be applied to other surfaces. During the cutting process, compressed air gas and electric arc combine to produce plasma, which can provide sufficient speed and heat to cut metal.

CNC electric discharge machining machine

Electric discharge machining (electric discharge machining) is a process that uses electric discharge to shape a workpiece into a specific shape.

During the processing process, the continuous discharge between the two electrodes can remove unwanted materials from the workpiece. In EDM, the material will be placed between the two electrodes, and then the amount of discharge that each electrode needs to generate will be calculated by the machine.

CNC laser cutting machine

Its working principle is similar to that of a CNC plasma cutting machine, the only difference is that the laser cutting machine can be used for various materials such as metal, plastic or hardwood. The intensity of the laser can be adjusted according to the different densities and intensities of the materials used.

CNC router

CNC router is a very practical machine, it uses a computer to control the cutting machine, it can be applied to various materials, such as steel, wood, aluminum, plastic, etc. Compared with other machines, by manufacturing different items in a short period of time, it has higher productivity and less waste.

CNC machining

There are a variety of materials that can be used for CNC machining, including plastic, metal, wood, glass, etc., making it a very popular technology in a wide range of industries such as automobiles, medical, electronic products, telecommunications, etc.

CNC machining steps

Step 1: CAD model design

In the first step, we need to design a 2D or 3D CAD model, which is usually done by using computer-aided design software, and the product size and geometry and other information will be included in the CAD file.

Step 2: File conversion

In the second step, we need to convert the CAD file to a CNC compatible file format, usually “G code”, so the CNC machine can recognize it. Here, we will use computer-aided manufacturing (CAMCORDER) to run software that runs such files, which will generate digital programming code to control these machines.

Step 3: Machine setup

We need to set them up before the machine starts working. For example, we need to test speed and positioning to ensure that they perform well. We need to connect the required tools to the appropriate machine components. This is a very important step, because incorrect settings can also damage the machine and parts.

Step 4: Processing operation execution

In the last step, the CNCs machine will start working according to the commands sent by the program, and every action of the machine and tool will strictly abide by the program. Therefore, the final product made by CNC machining will be exactly the same as the original design.

Common processes of CNC machining

CNC milling

In the process of CNC milling, rotating multi-point cutting tools are used to remove excess materials and manufacture parts with specific shapes. The whole process is controlled by a computer to ensure the high precision of the parts. This process can also be used for rapid prototyping and finished components.

The milling process is not complicated: first, we need to design a CAD model that can be either 2D or 3D. Second, transfer the CAD file to the “G code” so that the CNC machine can recognize it. Finally, set up a CNC milling machine and start working.

CNC turning

CNC turning is usually done on a CNC lathe or turning center by combining the rotational movement of the workpiece with the translational movement of the tool to remove unwanted materials. CNC turning is a very cost-effective technology with a high material removal rate. It can be used to chop wood, metal, and plastic. The mechanical design of CNC lathes is simpler than that of CNC milling machines, and the cost is lower when producing the same parts.

Advantages of CNC

High production efficiency

The CNCs machine can automatically perform a series of actions. What we need to do is program and set up the machine. Only a few steps are involved, and more importantly, these machines can work 24/7 and will not break only if the machine is not faulty. Therefore, production efficiency can be greatly improved.

Consistency and accuracy

Compared with manual processing, CNCs machines are controlled by computers, which helps eliminate human error and improve the accuracy and consistency of different batches of products. Therefore, CNC is very suitable for projects that require high product quality and reliability.

Cost-effective

Although the initial cost of CNCs machines is high, their high productivity and low manufacturing error rate make them a cost-effective choice for many manufacturers. Think about it, if there is any human error that may lead to rework or repair, how much will it cost? In addition, less manpower is required in this process, and skilled operators can run multiple machines at the same time. CNCs technology is becoming more and more popular, which also helps to reduce the cost of these machines.

Suitable for various parts

CNC has versatility and can be applied to different parts. On the one hand, it can manufacture parts of different shapes from simple to complex with high precision. On the other hand, we can reprogram the CNC machine to manufacture brand new parts in a short time.

BangYan has provided our customers with a wide range of CNCs services for more than 10 years, from CAD model design, CNC milling, CNC turning, to surface grinding, and after-sales service. Our experience and expertise ensure that we can always provide customers with high-quality CNC machining and products.

We can design solutions and achieve successful results in a short turnaround time. At BangYan, we use multi-task tools and multi-axis CNC machine tools, including 3-, 4- and 5-axis CNC machine tools, which help us manufacture parts of different materials with high precision and high efficiency. We can handle CNC projects for different applications and meet the growing technical needs of customers. We simplify processes and upgrade equipment to continuously increase productivity, we can manufacture prototypes, low-cost- and mass production in a very short period of time.