What is Carbon Five or C5? What are HFCS (hydrofluorocarbons)？

What is Carbon Five or C5?

C5, also known as C5, is pentane, chemical formula C5H12, the fifth member of alkanes C5 has three isomers: n-pentane (boiling point 36 ° C), isopentane (system designation "2-methylbutane", boiling point 28 ° C) and neopentane (system designation "2,2-dimethylpropane", boiling point 10 ° C). C5 usually refers to n-pentane, that is, its linear isomer

There are many kinds of C5 components, mainly including isoprene, cyclopentadiene, m-pentadiene, isopentene, 1-pentene, 2-Butylene, 3-methyl-1-butene, cyclopentane, cyclopentene, isopentane, n-pentane and other components.

C5 is a mixture, also known as pentane. It contains three isomers: n-pentane, isopentane and neopentane. It is characterized by extreme combustion and is easy to burn and explode in case of open fire and high heat; It has stable chemical properties and does not react with acids and bases under normal conditions. It should be in a cool and ventilated warehouse and must be away from fire or heat source.

1. It can be used as low boiling point solvent, foaming agent in plastic industry, and can also be used as automobile and aircraft fuel and preparation together with other gases

Artificial ice, anesthetic, synthetic pentanol, isopentane, etc.

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2. Standard for gas chromatography analysis. It is used as anesthetic, solvent, manufacture of low-temperature thermometer and manufacture of artificial ice and amyl Alcohol, isopentane, etc.

3. It is used for preparing standard gas, calibration gas and molecular sieve desorption agent.

4. Used as solvent, gas chromatography reference liquid and anesthetic. It is also used in organic synthesis and the manufacture of low temperature thermometers.

5. It can be used as solvent, manufacture artificial ice, anesthetic, and synthesize pentanol, isopentane, etc.

What are HFCS (hydrofluorocarbons)？

HFCS (hydrofluorocarbons) are the third generation refrigerants, and the entry space of the industry will be gradually reduced in the future

HFCS, namely hydrofluorocarbons, is a kind of fluorocarbon chemicals. It is mainly used as refrigerant, foaming agent, cleaning agent, fire extinguishing agent, spraying agent, etc. With the increasing number of household air conditioners, automotive air conditioners and refrigerators in the world, the market demand for refrigerants is rising. China is a large refrigerant producer. According to the requirements of the Montreal Protocol, China has eliminated the first generation refrigerant hydrochlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and the elimination rate of the second largest refrigerant hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) is accelerating. HFCS belongs to the third generation refrigerant, and the output is growing rapidly.

Although the ODP of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCS) is zero, its atmospheric residence time is long and GWP is high, and its extensive use will cause global warming; HFC-134a contains CF3 group, which is easy to react with OH radical or ozone after dissociation in the atmosphere to form trifluoroacetic acid, which is seriously harmful to the ecosystem; In addition, as refrigerant HFC-134a is immiscible with many common lubricants, its refrigeration system must use expensive ester lubricants, which increases the use cost; And the refrigeration efficiency of HFC-134a is also low.

HFCS will not affect the ozone layer and has replaced the second generation refrigerant as the mainstream product in the market. Fluorite is the main raw material for HFCS production. China is rich in fluorite resources and is the country with the fastest growth of HFCS production capacity in the world. With the continuous rise of global refrigerant demand and the accelerated withdrawal of the second generation refrigerant, China has become a major refrigerant production country in the world. The output, consumption and export volume of HFCS rank first in the world, of which the output accounts for about 68%, It occupies an important position in the global HFCS market.

According to the report on in-depth market research and investment strategy recommendations for HFCS (hydrofluorocarbons) industry from 2021 to 2025 released by xinsijie Industrial Research Center, the output value of the global HFCS industry will be about US $6.5 billion in 2019. In the global market, in addition to China, North America and the European Union are also the main producers of HFCS. However, according to the requirements of the Montreal Protocol, the United States and other developed countries have begun to reduce the output of HFCS, and the market share is declining.

HFCS refrigerant products mainly include HFC-32, hfc-125, HFC-134a, mixed refrigerant, etc. In the overseas market, American Kemu, American Honeywell and French Arkema are the main HFCS manufacturers. In the Chinese market, Juhua, Sanmei chemical, sanaifu, Sinochem Group, Dongyue Group, Meilan chemical and Luxi Chemical are the main HFCS manufacturers, with a total industrial capacity of about 650000 tons.

HFCS is friendly to the ozone layer, but its greenhouse effect is high, which is much higher than the second generation refrigerant and carbon dioxide. Therefore, it is inevitable to restrict its production and use. According to the requirements of the Montreal Protocol, developing countries, including China, will freeze the production and consumption of HFCS in 2024, and the production will begin to decrease from 2029. After the rapid expansion of China's HFCS production capacity, the entry space of the industry is gradually shrinking. HFOs is the fourth generation refrigerant with high environmental friendliness, but its refrigeration effect and safety are lower than those of HFCS, and the global output is low at this stage. Therefore, it is unlikely that HFCS will be completely replaced in the next 10 years.

New thinking industry analysts said that HFCS is the third generation refrigerant, which is friendly to the ozone layer and is the mainstream product in the global market at this stage, but its greenhouse effect is high and will eventually be eliminated in the future. In the short term, products with excellent performance that can completely replace HFCS have not yet appeared. For a long time, HFCS will coexist in the market with other products. However, in the long term, in order to control the greenhouse effect and protect the environment, the demand for HFCS will continue to decrease. Relevant enterprises can also pay attention to the development of new refrigerant products while producing HFCS.

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