Weekly Research News Digest
This newsletter is designed to share with you research news in various fields where applications of gene sequencing can be found. It will share research findings from Novogene’s customers. By sharing insights from the most prestigious research teams, it is intended to call your attention to the latest applications of sequencing in life sciences and biomedical research and inspire your research.
It's a privilege to reunite with the readers in the Weekly Research News Digest. In this issue, we present five articles in which researchers leverage advanced sequencing technologies to delve deeply into genomics and epigenetics. They use these cutting-edge techniques to unravel the mysteries of life’s diversity, enhance our understanding of human health, provide valuable insights for the conservation of plants and animals, and facilitate agricultural improvements.
H2AFY Identified as a Key Epigenetic Regulator in MYCN-Amplified Neuroblastoma
MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma in children is categorized as high-risk and frequently relapses after treatments. The efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapies targeting the PD-1/L1 axis is limited, and the immune regulatory mechanisms of this cancer remain poorly understood. Researchers from Sweden, Spain, and Germany used genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens to detect genes involved in resistance to PD-1 blocking antibody. They identified H2AFY as a resistance gene to nivolumab, whose deletion activates immunity in MYCN-driven neuroblastoma cells, thereby reversing in vivo resistance to PD-1 blockade, and promotes cell transition to a mesenchymal-like state. These findings suggest H2AFY as an epigenetic regulator of cell states and immune response in MYCN-driven neuroblastoma.
Ac4C mRNA Modifications Enhance Plant Immunity Through Translational Reprogramming
Messenger RNA modifications play critical roles in RNA biology, but the impact of epitranscriptomic changes on plant immune responses remains unclear. A recent study published in Nature Plants?explored how ac4C mRNA modification drives translational reprogramming in response to pathogen attack. The researchers found that changes in ac4C at a single-base level enhance translational reprogramming following infection by Magnaporthe oryzae. During pathogen infection, a higher level of the ac4C writer OsNAT10/OsACYR (N-Acetyltransferase for Cytidine in RNA) facilitates translation, leading to swift activation of immune responses, including the elevation of jasmonic acid biosynthesis. These findings provide a comprehensive atlas of mRNA modifications and new insights into the role of ac4C in plant immunity.
LSD1 Functions as an Essential Regulator of Growth and Differentiation in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1) plays a crucial role in early embryogenesis and development. A collaborative team of researchers from Sweden, Spain, Italy, the United States, and China investigated LSD1 function in mouse ESCs by performing genetic knockout experiments and reintroducing a catalytically impaired mutant (LSD1MUT). They discovered that whereas it is not necessary?for mouse ESC self-renewal, LSD1 is indispensable for mouse ESC growth and differentiation. LSD1 regulates DNA methylation by stabilizing DNMT1 and UHRF1 through its interactions with HDAC1 and USP7, promoting deacetylation and deubiquitination of DNMT1 and UHRF1. This study demonstrates that LSD1 controls DNA methylation independently of its lysine demethylase activity, highlighting its non-enzymatic function in ESCs.
Role of PICKLE in H3K27me3 Spreading and Chromatin Silencing in Arabidopsis thaliana
The spreading of H3K27me3 is essential for sustaining mitotically inheritable Polycomb-mediated chromatin silencing in animals and plants. Nonetheless, the mechanisms through which Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) accesses unmodified nucleosomes within spreading regions?during this process remains poorly understood. Researchers from China and Canada investigated the role of the chromatin remodeler PICKLE (PKL) in H3K27me3 spreading in Arabidopsis thaliana. They found that PKL functions to preserve cell identify in the process of differentiation. It specifically localizes to H3K27me3 spreading regions and physically associates with PRC2. Loss of PKL disrupts the occupancy of the PRC2 catalytic subunit CLF in spreading regions, leading to abnormal dedifferentiation. PKL's ATPase function increases nucleosome density, ensuring that unmodified nucleosomes can be accessed by PRC2 catalytic activity?for H3K27me3 spreading. These findings highlight the importance of PKL-dependent nucleosome compaction in H3K27me3 spreading, unveiling how repressive chromatin domains are established and propagated.
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LOC101927668 Enhances Colorectal Cancer Progression by Disrupting the RBM47/p53 Signaling Pathway
Somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) have a profound effect on cancer progression and patient prognosis. Dysregulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), regulated?by SCNAs, significantly contribute to tumorigenesis, particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC).?A research team from Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute examined the function of SCNAs-induced lncRNAs in CRCs. They revealed that overexpression of LOC101927668 is associated with poor clinical outcomes in CRC patients. It promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, LOC101927668 localized to the nucleus?recruits hnRNPD and translocates to the cytoplasm, destabilizing RBM47 mRNA. hnRNPD?contributes?to this process by binding to the ARE motif in RBM47?3' UTR, inhibiting the p53 signaling pathway. These findings suggest that the overexpression of LOC101927668, modulated by SCNAs, enhances CRC proliferation and metastasis, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.
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About Novogene
Novogene specializes in the application of advanced molecular biotechnology and high-performance computing in the research fields of life science and human health. Established in March 2011, Novogene strives to become a global leader in providing genetic science services and technology products. Novogene has set up operations and laboratories in the United States, the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Germany, as well as in China, Singapore and Japan.
Novogene has served over 7,300 global customers, covering 90 countries and regions across 6 continents. It has cooperated extensively with many academic institutions and completed several advanced-level, international genomics research projects. By 2023, Novogene has co-published and/or been acknowledged in more than 22,850 articles in Science Citation Index, with an accumulative impact factor of more than 148,250.
Novogene's partners are worldwide and include more than 4,200 scienti?c research institutions and universities, more than 680 hospitals and over 2,400 pharmaceutical and agricultural enterprises. Currently, Novogene has obtained 425 software copyrights and 76 patents.
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