Weekly Research News Digest
This newsletter is designed to share with you research news in various fields where applications of gene sequencing can be found. It will share research findings from Novogene’s customers. By sharing insights from the most prestigious research teams, it is intended to call your attention to the latest applications of sequencing in life sciences and biomedical research and inspire your research.
It is a delight to reconnect with everyone via the Weekly Research News Digest. This week, we will explore the pivotal role of sequencing technology in gut microbiota research. In the five articles we will be sharing, researchers have employed cutting-edge sequencing techniques such as Epigenetic Sequencing and Eukaryote mRNA Sequencing to uncover insights into how the gut microbiota impacts the host's physiological functions through metabolic processes. These discoveries not only enhance our understanding of the functions of gut microbial communities but also offer new perspectives on preventing and treating related diseases by modulating gut flora.
The Role of Mitsuokella jalaludinii in Phytate Degradation and Gut Health
Dietary phytate offers health benefits, partly because gut bacteria convert it into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), yet?the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Researchers from the Netherlands and Germany identified Mitsuokella jalaludinii as a potent phytate degrader that collaborates with Anaerostipes rhamnosivorans to produce the SCFA propionate. They specified the?pathway for phytate degradation?and showed that?both in vitro and in mice,?the end product, 3-hydroxypropionate,?is converted?to propionate?that enhances?intestinal barrier integrity?of Caco-2 cells. These results underscore the significant role of the microbiome in metabolizing phytate.
Gut Microbiota's Crucial Influence on the Development of the Peripheral Nervous System and Muscles
The gut microbiota play a crucial role in health, interacting with other organs through multiple pathways and its disruption being linked to numerous diseases. According to a study recently published in Gut Microbes, researchers from Italy and Germany jointly examined the impact of gut microbiota on the peripheral nervous system and skeletal muscles in mice. They found that the absence of gut microbiota led to underdeveloped nerves and muscles, altered expression of genes related to development and myelination, and impaired formation of neuromuscular junctions. This study highlights a new connection between gut microbiota and the development of the peripheral nervous system, indicating the existence of a “Gut Microbiota-Peripheral Nervous System-axis”.
The Role of Intestinal Microbial Metabolite Butyrate in Regulating the Expression of Granzyme B in CD4+ T Cell?and Implications for Intestinal Inflammation
It has been reported that Granzyme B (GzmB)-producing CD4+ T cells are involved in the development of autoimmune diseases.?Recent research by American scientists?explored the effects of intestinal microbial metabolite butyrate on Granzyme B (GzmB)-producing CD4+ T cells and?found that butyrate?led to higher levels of GzmB in CD4+ T cells?through HDAC inhibition and GPR43. Although butyrate?produced alterations in intestinal?microbiota composition, the altered microbiota?were not involved in the regulation of?GzmB?expression in intestinal CD4+ T cell. On the contrary, Blimp1?and glucose metabolism palyed a role in mediating butyrate induction of GzmB in Th1 cells and IKZF3 and NR2F6 participated in?the regulation of?GzmB expression. The study?highlights?the significance of GzmB in the regulation of T cell tolerance by butyrate.
The Impact of Gut Microbiota on Host DNA Methylation and Implications for?the Development and Progression?of Colorectal Cancer
It is hypothesized that gut and tissue microbiota exert influence on instestinal biology via epigenetic regulation. Researchers from Nanjing Medical University and Zhejiang University studied the connection between gut and tissue microbiota and host DNA methylation in CRC. Through metagenomic and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, they discovered significant differences?in DNA methylation?between CRC and adjacent normal tissues?and demonstrated that certain methylation patterns of tumor-related genes were consistently and recurrently associated with specific bacterial taxa. This research underscores the impact of gut microbiota on DNA methylation and CRC progression, highlighting potential therapeutic targets.
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Fecal Virome Transplantation as a Safer Alternative to Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic syndrome is closely related to?gut microbiome (GM) dysbiosis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) offers an option for treatment by restoring GM, but?the?risks of?transferring pathogenic microbes raise concern. A joint research team composed of researchers from the University of Copenhagen in Denmark and Tallinn University of Technology in Estonia explored fecal virome transplantation (FVT) as a safer alternative to FMT. They used recently developed methods to remove and inactivate?eukaryotic viruses?and studied the effects of modified FVTs with?diet-induced obesity model on?mice, finding that the modified FVTs improved blood glucose clearance but did not lead to?weight loss. The research?suggests that safe bacteriophage-based therapies could be developed to target metabolic syndrome by restoring the gut microbiome.
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Novogene specializes in the application of advanced molecular biotechnology and high-performance computing in the research fields of life science and human health. Established in March 2011, Novogene strives to become a global leader in providing genetic science services and technology products. Novogene has set up operations and laboratories in the United States, the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Germany, as well as in China, Singapore and Japan.
Novogene has served over 7,300 global customers, covering 90 countries and regions across 6 continents. It has cooperated extensively with many academic institutions and completed several advanced-level, international genomics research projects. By 2023, Novogene has co-published and/or been acknowledged in more than 22,850 articles in Science Citation Index, with an accumulative impact factor of more than 148,250.
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