Weekly Research News Digest
This newsletter is designed to share with you research news in various fields where applications of gene sequencing can be found. It will share research findings from Novogene’s customers. By sharing insights from the most prestigious research teams, it is intended to call your attention to the latest applications of sequencing in life sciences and biomedical research and inspire your research.
It’s great to be back with everyone in the Weekly Research News Digest.?In this issue, we share?five cutting-edge articles that?explore the molecular regulation of human health and mechanisms underlying recoveries from diseases with?advanced sequencing technologies like Eukaryote mRNA-Seq. These studies reveal changes in the expression of different genes in viral infection, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases, providing new insights into disease mechanisms?and?potentially paving the way?for future therapeutic strategies.
Therapeutic Potential of Taurolithocholic Acid in Systemic Viral Infections: Insights from a Study of SFTSV Infection
Bile acids, which?are microbial metabolites,?can?influence infections caused by?enteric and hepatitis viruses, but their role in systemic viral infection remains poorly understood. A recent study published in Nature Microbiology?examined the secondary bile acid taurolithocholic acid (TLCA) in the context of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection. The researchers found that higher?TLCA levels were associated with lower fatality rates and inhibited?viraemia in infected patients. TLCA not only suppresses?viral replication and?lessen?host inflammation?in vitro, but also?indirectly inhibits SFTSV-induced ferroptosis by upregulating?fatty acid desaturase 2 through the TGR5–PI3K/AKT–SREBP2 signaling pathway. Moreover, treatment with TLCA conferred protection against lethal SFTSV infection in mice, underscoring the?potential of bile acids as a therapeutic agent for viral hemorrhagic fevers.
ASPP1 as a Regulator of Myocardial Fibrosis and Cardiac Function Post-Myocardial Infarction
During the healing process of myocardial infarction (MI), the activation of cardiac fibroblasts leads to collagen production, contributing to adverse remodeling and heart failure. A study from Harbin Medical University explored the role of ASPP1 in myocardial fibrosis?and the mechanisms underlying the role. Researchers found that ASPP1 levels increased four weeks post-MI.?In mice, both global and myofibroblast knockout of ASPP1 alleviated cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis?after MI. Mechanistically, ASPP1 bound?to deubiquitinase OTUB1, facilitating?p53 ubiquitination and?degradation and inhibiting myofibroblast activity and cardiac fibrosis.
IL-3 Modulates Astrocyte-Microglia Interaction and Offers Therapeutic Potential in α-Synuclein Pathology of Parkinson's Disease
Astrocyte-microglia communication plays a vital role in neuronal survival and the clearance of aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the specific function of interleukin-3 (IL-3) in α-synuclein pathology remains poorly understood. Researchers from China addressed the gap by studying transgenic A53T Parkinson's disease (PD) mice and an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-human α-synuclein (AAV-hα-Syn)-injected PD mouse model. They discovered that levels of IL-3 in astrocytes and its receptor in microglia respond?positively to?α-synuclein pathology. Infusing exogenous IL-3?leads to reduced behavioral abnormities and nigrostriatal α-synuclein pathology. Mechanistically, IL-3?reduces?α-synuclein accumulation by enhancing microglial phagocytosis and autophagy in dopaminergic neurons. Since IL-3 has limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier,?the researchers?developed a RVG-modified IL-3 nanogels (RVG-IL3 NGs),?which, when administered intravenously, enhancess microglial and neuronal activity in the AAV-hα-Syn mouse model of PD, thereby improving motor function and reducing?pathological α-synuclein. The study?suggests?IL-3 as a promising therapeutic candidate for PD.
GAD1 Mediates Mn Exposure-Induced Neurotoxicity and Depressive-Like Behavior in Mice
Long-term exposure to manganese (Mn) is associated with Parkinson's-like disease, of which?depression?is an early symptom, yet the exact connection between Mn exposure and depression and the underlying?mechanisms remain underexplored. A study from Capital Medical University demonstrated?that mice exposed to Mn?displayed depressive-like behaviors and mild cognitive impairment, with Mn accumulation?primarily?detected in the cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) region of the hippocampus. The research found that Mn exposure resulted in neurotoxicity, linked to reduced expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase 1 (GAD1) in astrocytes and disrupted?Gln-Glu-GABA metabolic cycle?in the hippocampus. Interestingly,?overexpression of?Gad1 improved depressive-like symptoms?and cognitive deficits. These findings highlight the pivotal role of GAD1 in Mn exposure-induced neurotoxicity.
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Targeting Neuronal Activity and EV-Mediated miRNA Release as Therapeutic Strategies for Ischemic Stroke
Ischemic stroke results in death?and disability.?Neuronal activation and neuroinflammation?are the two main contributors to neuronal damage. A collaborative team?of?researchers from?China and the United States employed a middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model along with chemogenetic techniques to explore the relationship between neuronal?excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation?following ischemic stroke. They found?that chemogenetic suppression of neuronal activity in the ipsilesional M1 region?reduces?infarct size, decreases?neuroinflammation, as well as enhances?motor recovery?in stroke-affected mice. Notably, ischemic neurons were shown to release small extracellular vesicles (EVs) that transferred miR-100-5p to adjacent neurons and microglia, activating TLR7 and the NF-κB pathway, ultimately leading to neuronal apoptosis. These findings suggest that addressing aberrant neuronal activity and EV-mediated miRNA release could provide novel therapeutic avenues for stroke treatment.
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Novogene specializes in the application of advanced molecular biotechnology and high-performance computing in the research fields of life science and human health. Established in March 2011, Novogene strives to become a global leader in providing genetic science services and technology products. Novogene has set up operations and laboratories in the United States, the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Germany, as well as in China, Singapore and Japan.
Novogene has served over 7,300 global customers, covering 90 countries and regions across 6 continents. It has cooperated extensively with many academic institutions and completed several advanced-level, international genomics research projects. By 2023, Novogene has co-published and/or been acknowledged in more than 22,850 articles in Science Citation Index, with an accumulative impact factor of more than 148,250.
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