Water Source Quality in Malaysia

Water source quality in Malaysia is a critical aspect of ensuring the availability of safe and clean water for various uses, including drinking, agriculture, industry, and recreation. Malaysia is known for its diverse water resources, which include rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and groundwater. These sources play a vital role in supplying water to both urban and rural areas.

Rivers: Malaysia is endowed with numerous rivers, some of which are major water sources. However, the quality of these rivers varies due to factors such as industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, and urban development. Key rivers like the Klang, Johor, and Perak have faced pollution issues due to industrial and agricultural activities, impacting water quality and aquatic life.

Lakes and Reservoirs: Lakes and reservoirs, such as Tasik Chini and Tasik Kenyir, are important water sources for various purposes. While some reservoirs have relatively good water quality due to their controlled nature, others can face sedimentation and pollution concerns.

Groundwater: Groundwater serves as a significant source of drinking water in both urban and rural areas. The quality of groundwater is generally good, but there can be localized issues related to contamination from agricultural chemicals, improper waste disposal, and septic systems.

Water Quality Index (WQI) Classes in Malaysia

The Water Quality Index (WQI) is a numerical tool used to assess the overall quality of water in a particular area. It takes into account various parameters that reflect the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of water quality. In Malaysia, WQI classification ranges from Class I to Class IV, each representing different levels of water quality:

Class I (Excellent): Water is suitable for all uses without treatment. It is clear, free from contamination, and safe for consumption.

Class II (Good): Water is suitable for most uses after simple treatment. Slight changes in color and odor might be present, but it remains safe for consumption and recreational activities.

Class III (Moderate): Water requires significant treatment before use. It might exhibit visible pollution signs and could be risky for direct human contact.

Class IV (Poor): Water is heavily polluted and unsuitable for most uses. It poses significant health risks and requires extensive treatment to make it safe.

The WQI classification helps policymakers, water resource managers, and environmental agencies make informed decisions regarding water management and resource allocation. It aids in identifying areas of concern, implementing appropriate mitigation measures, and safeguarding water sources for future generations.

References:

1.Department of Environment Malaysia. (2018). Water Quality Standards.Link

2. Hamzah, U., & Yusoff, M. K. (2007). Water quality status of rivers in Malaysia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 9(1), 012095. Link

3. Pius, A., & Zulhaimi, A. (2018). Assessment of surface water quality using the water quality index (WQI) approach: Case study of the Langat River. MATEC Web of Conferences, 250, 01007. Link