Water Softener | Water Hardness

Eliminating or reducing water hardness is done with a piece of equipment known as a water softener. It is inside this softener where the ion exchange process occurs. A softener is comprised of different components, each having their own unique purpose. The heart of the softener is the mineral tank which is a pressure vessel usually constructed out of fiberglass. These tanks are filled with negatively charged ion exchange resin. The brains of the softener lie in the control valve or softener head as it is commonly referred to. Most popular water softeners have an automatic regenerating system. The most basic type has an electric timer that flushes and recharges the system on a regular schedule. During recharging, soft water is not available. A second type of control uses a computer that watches how much water is used. When enough water has passed through the mineral tank to have depleted the beads of sodium, the computer triggers regeneration. These softeners often have reserve resin capacity, so that some soft water will be available during recharging. A third type of control uses a mechanical water meter to measure water usage and initiate recharging. The advantage of this system is that no electrical components are required and the mineral tank is only recharged when necessary.

When it is equipped with two mineral tanks, softened water is always available, even when the unit is recharging.

The third main component of a water softening system is the brine tank. The brine tank is basically a storage tank for sodium chloride (NaCl) or potassium chloride (KCL) which is mixed with water during the brine refill and regeneration cycles. This brine (a concentrated solution of salt water) is drawn back into the mineral tank during the regeneration phase to replenish the softener bed. The salt or potassium chloride is a sacrificial media and must be replenished on a regular basis to ensure adequate softening form the device

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