1. Definition and Positioning in the Security Architecture:
- WAF: A Web Application Firewall is a security policy enforcement point positioned between a web application and the client endpoint. This monitoring tool can be a stand-alone appliance, server plugin, or filter that applies a set of rules to HTTP conversation. Generally, these rules cover common attacks such as Cross-site Scripting (XSS) and SQL Injection. While proxies generally protect clients, WAFs protect servers.
- RASP: Runtime Application Self-Protection is a security technology that is built or linked into an application or application runtime environment, and is capable of controlling application execution and detecting and preventing real-time attacks.
- WAF: Operates through predefined security rules to monitor, and potentially block, HTTP traffic to and from a web application, thereby shielding against known vulnerabilities within the application by filtering malicious traffic.
- RASP: Works from within the application, using the context of its own execution to detect attacks and prevent exploitation in real-time, even for new and previously unidentified vulnerabilities.
- WAF: Being a network-based solution, it may slow down incoming traffic slightly due to the necessity of inspecting each packet. However, modern WAFs are designed to minimise this latency.
- RASP: Since it runs within the application, it may have a performance overhead, especially if the application handles a large number of runtime requests. The impact varies based on the implementation and complexity of the application.
4. Accuracy and False Positives:
- WAF: It relies heavily on predefined rules and patterns, which makes it less effective against zero-day exploits or targeted attacks specific to the application. This approach can lead to false positives.
- RASP: Offers higher accuracy in attack detection since it understands application logic and data flow. It has a significant advantage in reducing false positives due to its insight into the application's intent.
5. Ease of Implementation and Maintenance:
- WAF: Relatively easy to implement as it is positioned outside of the application. However, it requires regular updates and rule configuration to protect against new vulnerabilities.
- RASP: More complex in terms of deployment, as it needs to be integrated with the application's runtime environment. However, it's more autonomous and requires less frequent updates.
6. Visibility and Reporting:
- WAF: Provides insights into incoming traffic, potentially malicious activities, and blocked requests. However, it might lack detailed insight into how attacks interact with application logic.
- RASP: Offers detailed insights into application-level attacks, including the context and data flow, making incident response more informed and effective.
- WAF: Best for broad application portfolios, especially when rapid deployment is needed across different environments. It's also beneficial for compliance-driven security requirements.
- RASP: Ideal for applications that handle sensitive data and require a high level of security. It's also suitable for custom applications where more context is needed for secure operations.
In conclusion, while WAFs provide a necessary layer of security for defending against known threats and compliance requirements, RASPs allow for a more nuanced and proactive approach to application security, especially for bespoke or highly-sensitive applications. The optimal choice depends on the specific use case, security requirements, and the existing technology stack of the business. Often, a layered security approach that utilises both technologies might be the most prudent strategy.
