Vital Signs Monitor Revealed: Principle and Application of Vital Signs Monitor

Vital signs refer to the general term of body temperature, pulse, respiration and blood pressure. Through the observation of vital signs, the occurrence and development of diseases can be understood, thus providing a reliable basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Initial vital signs monitor

Critically ill patients require real-time observation and care by medical staff, especially those with cardiovascular disease. Any negligence may affect the patient's treatment. ECG changes reflect the state of the heart and cardiovascular. In order to reduce the pressure on medical staff and facilitate real-time observation of the patient's state, the earliest monitors appeared naturally.

In 1933, Hooker performed cardiac resuscitation in experimental animals for the first time. By closely observing the beating of the heart, he summarized and judged the resuscitation effect of patients. In 1943, ClaudeBeek implemented electrical defibrillation in the operating room for the first time, and began the monitoring and clinical application of ECG (electrocardiogram).

In the 1960s, continuous bedside ECG (electrocardiogram) monitoring began to appear in the hospital in a real sense. It can continuously monitor the ECG (electrocardiogram) status of patients in a timely manner, so that patients with heart disease and critically ill patients can be closely and continuously observed, while helping medical care. Personnel make continuous analysis and judgment on the patient's ECG.

Principles of guardianship

The principle of vital signs monitor is to receive human biological signals through sensors, and then convert the biomedical signals into electrical signals through the signal detection and preprocessing module, and perform preprocessing such as interference suppression, signal filtering and amplification. Then, through the data extraction and processing module, sampling and quantification are carried out, and each parameter is calculated and analyzed, the result is compared with the set threshold value, the supervision and alarm are carried out, and the result data is stored in RAM (referring to random access memory) in real time, and the It is transmitted to the PC, and the parameter values can be displayed in real time on the PC.

On the one hand, the vital signs monitor can avoid interference to the signal, so as to obtain more accurate values and truly and accurately reflect the patient's physical signs. On the other hand, setting parameter thresholds can timely remind medical staff to perform rescue. In addition, the stored patient physical parameters can also be used as an important reference for analyzing the condition.

Multiparameter vital signs monitor

In the 1970s, as the application value of continuous bedside monitoring was recognized, more vital signs of patients began to be monitored in real time. A variety of physical parameter monitors are gradually appearing in hospitals. Non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP), pulse rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), and body temperature monitoring are all monitored in real time. At the same time, due to the popular application of microprocessors and fast electronic systems, monitors that integrate various monitoring parameters are increasingly recognized by medical staff and widely used in clinical practice.

The multi-parameter vital sign monitor has also developed from the earliest waveform display to the digital and waveform display on the same screen. The monitor's screen display is constantly updated and improved, from the initial LED display, CRT display, to liquid crystal display, to the more advanced color TFT display, which can ensure high resolution and clarity , eliminate the viewing angle problem, and can observe patient monitoring parameters and waveforms completely at any angle. In use, it can ensure long-term high-definition, high-brightness visual effects.

In addition, with the high integration of circuits, the volume of vital signs monitors is becoming smaller and more complete, and the functions are more complete. While monitoring basic parameters such as ECG, NIBP, SPO2, and TEMP, it can also continuously monitor invasive Parameters such as blood pressure, cardiac output, and special anesthetic gases. On this basis, the vital sign monitor has gradually developed to have powerful software analysis functions, such as arrhythmia analysis, pacing analysis, ST segment analysis, etc., and can review monitoring information according to clinical needs, including trend charts, table information Storage function, long storage time and large amount of information.