Virtues of One Era Become the Vices in the New.

The Changing Perspectives of the Pakistani Society of Today.

By Amir Jahangir

"Virtues of One Era Become the Vices in the New Era" captures the dynamic nature of values and virtues throughout history, suggesting that what may be considered virtuous or admirable in one period can become viewed as negative or problematic in another. This concept is pervasive in various historical analyses, including the work of renowned historian Will Durant , particularly in his book "The Lessons of History. " Durant's comprehensive approach to history, alongside his examination of broader patterns and themes, highlights the evolving nature of societal values and virtues.

In "The Lessons of History ," Durant and his wife Ariel Durant delve into recurring patterns and lessons gleaned from historical study, exploring how civilizations rise and fall, cultures evolve, and values and virtues shift over time. The notion that virtues of one era can morph into vices in another underscores the changing social, cultural, and economic contexts that shape human societies. For example, virtues like obedience and conformity may have been highly prized in historical periods but may be viewed as stifling or oppressive in more individualistic and democratic societies.

The International Women's Day, observed on March 8th every year, the concept of "Virtues of One Era Becomes the Vices in the New Era" takes on added significance as the world reflects on the evolving nature of women's empowerment. This day serves as a reminder of the progress made toward gender equality and the challenges that persist in achieving full empowerment for women worldwide. In the context of this day, the concept underscores the shifting societal values and norms surrounding women's roles and responsibilities.

Historically and culturally, women were often confined to traditional roles dictated by patriarchal societies, where virtues like obedience and self-sacrifice were upheld as ideal qualities. However, as societies progress and attitudes toward gender equality evolve, these virtues are reexamined in the new era. Today, International Women's Day celebrates virtues associated with women's empowerment, such as independence, assertiveness, and leadership, recognized as essential for women's full participation in society.

The intersectionality of women's empowerment with other social and economic dynamics is also emphasized on International Women's Day. Efforts to advance women's rights require a comprehensive approach, addressing issues like gender-based violence and the gender pay gap. By embracing new ideals of gender equality and empowerment, societies can create more inclusive and equitable environments where women can thrive.

In a different context, of Pakistani politics and patriotism, the idea that "virtues of one era become vices in the new era" can be interpreted in various ways, especially considering the changing demographic landscape and evolving demands of the young population. As Pakistan navigates these changes, policymakers and leaders must listen to the voices of the youth and adapt to meet their evolving needs and aspirations. This adaptation is crucial in ensuring a more inclusive and equitable future for all citizens.

The impact of changing societal values, demographics, and political demands on family-run political dynasties in Pakistan is multifaceted and significant. With the rise of youth activism and demands for more inclusive governance, these dynasties are facing challenges to their legitimacy. The younger generation questions the authority of politicians who inherit power based solely on familial ties rather than merit or popular support, eroding trust and weakening the foundation of dynastic politics. Moreover, there is a growing call for meritocracy within political parties as young people advocate for transparent and fair selection processes.

This pressure for change can create internal tensions within parties with dynastic structures and may lead to factionalism and power struggles. Additionally, the emergence of alternative voices and movements challenges the dominance of family-run political parties, forcing them to adapt or risk losing relevance. Some parties may attempt to rebrand and promote younger leaders or progressive agendas to appeal to the changing demographic landscape. Still, genuine reform may be slow and face resistance from entrenched interests.

The evolving political landscape in Pakistan is reshaping the dynamics of family-run political dynasties, necessitating adaptation to meet the demands of a more engaged and diverse electorate. This dynastic politics will have to meet a higher benchmark for governance and might be subject to more criticism, especially in the Punjab and at the Center.

In a distinct context, the same concept of "Virtues of One Era Become the Vices in the New Era" holds profound implications for the social and economic fabric of modern-day Pakistan. In a society undergoing rapid transformation, this notion underscores the fluid nature of values and virtues over time. Pakistan's evolving social dynamics reflect a shift from traditional to more progressive ideals, challenging longstanding norms and customs. For instance, patriarchal structures, once revered for upholding family honor and authority, are now being scrutinized as women assert their rights and demand gender equality. This transition highlights a clash between traditional values and modern principles of inclusivity and social justice, reshaping the societal landscape.

Economically, Pakistan grapples with the transition from agrarian to industrial and knowledge-based economies, a shift echoed globally. In this context, traditional virtues like hard work and loyalty to employers may no longer guarantee economic security in an increasingly competitive and dynamic job market. Instead, the emphasis has shifted towards skills such as adaptability, creativity, and technological proficiency, aligning with the demands of a rapidly evolving global economy. Educational reforms reflect this change, with a growing emphasis on critical thinking and problem-solving over rote memorization, acknowledging the need for a workforce equipped with 21st-century skills.

Moreover, the concept of changing virtues and vices carries significant political implications in Pakistan. As societal values evolve, there is an evolving demand for transparent and accountable governance. Traditional power structures, often characterized by patronage, and nepotism, face scrutiny in the face of a populace that values integrity, loyalty, fairness, and inclusivity. This shift has catalyzed global calls for electoral reforms, anti-corruption measures, and greater citizen participation in decision-making processes, reflecting a broader desire for political change and reform, Pakistan is no exception to this.

In navigating these transitions, Pakistan faces the challenge of balancing tradition with progress, adapting its social, economic, educational, and political systems to meet the demands of a rapidly changing world. Embracing this concept requires a nuanced understanding of the evolving needs and aspirations of its people, as well as a willingness to challenge entrenched norms and embrace innovation. Ultimately, the journey towards a more prosperous and equitable future for Pakistan hinges on its ability to navigate the tensions between past virtues and present realities, forging a path that honors tradition while embracing progress.

Additionally, the intersection of "Virtues of One Era Become the Vices in the New Era" with Pakistan's socio-economic landscape presents further complexities. The country grapples with deep-rooted challenges such as poverty, inequality, and access to basic services. In this context, traditional virtues may hinder progress if they perpetuate social disparities or impede efforts toward inclusive development. For example, while virtues like frugality and resilience may have been revered in times of economic hardship, they may now be seen as obstacles to social mobility if they prevent individuals from investing in education or accessing opportunities for economic advancement.

Moreover, the concept has implications for Pakistan's cultural and religious identity. As societal values evolve, there may be tensions between traditional cultural norms and modern interpretations of identity and belonging. Virtues associated with cultural preservation and religious piety may clash with the desire for individual expression and cultural diversity. Navigating these tensions requires a delicate balance between honoring heritage and embracing progress, fostering a society where diverse identities are celebrated and respected. The recent Ichara incident in Lahore should be an eye-opener for individual liberty versus societal obligations and collective consciousness. This is also a point to ponder how the rights of the society (no matter how illiterate and irrelevant, they may be) can create a clash with the rights of the individuality of the citizens. This conflict in approach is not theoretical but stems from the individual's understanding of the belief and how a thought process is conceived, evolved, and expressed. If not addressed incidents like this could result more often in the shapes and shades of religion, culture, ethnicities, language, and other definitions of societal communions. ?

Furthermore, the concept of "Virtues of One Era Become the Vices in the New Era" underscores the importance of adaptive governance and policy-making. Pakistani policymakers must recognize the dynamic nature of societal values and anticipate shifting demands from the population. Embracing policies that promote inclusivity, social justice, and sustainable development can help address emerging challenges while harnessing opportunities for progress. This requires a proactive approach to governance that is responsive to the evolving needs and aspirations of Pakistani society.

The transformation of values across different eras, along with examples of how virtues in one era can become vices in the next can be seen and felt in the table below:

Explanation:

1. Hunting/Gathering Era: In this era, survival and cooperation were paramount for the community's well-being. Virtues such as adaptability and resourcefulness ensured survival in challenging environments. However, these virtues could transform into vices when individuals excessively conform to group norms or engage in tribalistic behaviors, hindering societal progress and cohesion.
2. Agrarian Era: Stability and tradition were valued during this period, with hard work and loyalty to the community considered virtuous qualities. However, as societies became more entrenched in tradition, virtues like resistance to change and adherence to feudalistic structures could impede societal advancement and social mobility.
3. Industrial/Knowledge Economy Era: Progress and efficiency became central to societal development during this era, with virtues such as innovation and education driving economic growth and technological advancement. However, these virtues could lead to vices such as exploitation and inequality, as the pursuit of progress sometimes comes at the expense of environmental sustainability and social equity.
4. Creativity and Automated Societies: Sustainability and human-centeredness emerge as key values in this era, emphasizing the importance of environmental consciousness and technological integration for the well-being of both people and the planet. However, there is a risk that overreliance on technology and the loss of human connection could undermine these virtues, leading to unintended consequences and societal challenges.

In each era, the virtues that were once essential for societal progress and survival can become vices when taken to extremes or when societal values and priorities shift. This highlights the dynamic nature of values and virtues throughout history and underscores the importance of adaptability and balance in navigating societal change.

The concept suggested by Will and Aerial Durant about "Virtues of One Era Become the Vices in the New Era" offers valuable insights into Pakistan's socio-economic, cultural, and political landscape. Embracing change, challenging outdated norms, and fostering inclusive development are essential for navigating the complexities of the modern era. By recognizing the dynamic nature of values and virtues, Pakistan can forge a path toward a more prosperous, equitable, and resilient future for all its citizens.

The current challenge of understanding between the governing and the governed stems from the shifting perspectives on virtues and vices within distinct time frames of the society. With each generation comes a unique set of challenges, values, and social contracts between citizens and the state. Loyalty and patriotism, once fundamental to societal cohesion, now take on new dimensions as perspectives evolve.

One of the key shifts lies in the changing perception of values such as money, wealth, and ownership. While these were traditionally seen as markers of success and stability, there is a growing recognition of their limitations in addressing broader societal issues. Conversely, virtues like compassion, empathy, and trust are gaining prominence as essential ingredients for building cohesive and resilient communities.

However, these changes in perspective are not uniform across society. Some embrace the future, eagerly adapting to new realities and embracing progressive ideals. Others, however, cling to the past, reluctant to let go of entrenched beliefs and practices. This divergence in outlook creates tension and complexity in governance, as policymakers navigate competing interests and priorities.

Addressing this challenge requires a nuanced approach that acknowledges the diversity of perspectives within society. Effective governance must recognize and respect the values and aspirations of all citizens, fostering dialogue and collaboration across generations.

The evolving nature of societal values and perspectives presents both opportunities and challenges for governance. Embracing change, fostering dialogue, and promoting inclusivity is essential for navigating this dynamic landscape and building a more equitable and resilient society for all.

Amir Jahangir a global competitiveness, risk, and development expert, leads Mishal Pakistan, the country partner institute of the World Economic Forum's Future Economic and Societies Platform. As a leading narratologist and an expert of Artificial Intelligence (AI) policy for technology, and governance, he is an alumnus of Harvard Law’s Program on Negotiation, affiliated with Harvard University, MIT, and Tufts University since 2008. Jahangir is also an alumnus of the National Defense University, Islamabad, and the Harvard Kennedy School of Government on National and International Security, reachable at [email protected] and @amirjahangir on X formerly known as Twitter.