A Vicious Cycle of Heat: The Hot Topic in India

A Vicious Cycle of Heat: The Hot Topic in India

In the past decade, there has been an increase in extreme weather events globally. Since the 1850s, the global surface temperature has risen by about 1°C, a change the IPCC unequivocally attributes to human activities. This increase in temperature has led to a higher frequency of extreme weather events.

For instance, occurrences that were once decade-long events have become alarmingly more common. Heatwaves now occur 2.8 times more frequently, droughts 1.7 times and extreme rainstorms 1.3 times.

Source:

This trend is only going to worsen going ahead.


India has been facing these challenges with increasing frequency. From extreme droughts to severe heatwaves and post-apocalyptic sandstorms in urban areas, Indian regions are experiencing it all. Currently, the North Indian region is enduring one of the worst heatwaves ever recorded.

This scorching reality is not just a matter of discomfort—it is a vicious cycle that threatens public health, economic productivity, and food security. As temperatures rise, so does the demand for cooling. Air conditioners are turned on, straining the power grid. To meet this demand, more power plants are fired up, often relying on coal, a major contributor to climate change. This releases further emissions and exacerbates the problem. Additionally, reduced forest cover and increasing concrete structures in urban areas intensify the urban heat island effect. This cycle, often overlooked in daily life, has far-reaching implications for our environment and future.

The Heat is On

India is no stranger to high temperatures. In fact, a recent study published in The Lancet found that India saw a 55% rise in deaths due to extreme heat between 2000-2004 and 2017-2021. But as the temperatures soar, so does our reliance on cooling. AC usage in India has tripled since 2010, reaching 24 units per 100 households.

An interesting article in 'The Asset' highlights a particularly concerning data point: India is expected to lose a staggering 5.8% of its working hours by 2030 due to heat stress. Cooling demand is projected to skyrocket, rising from 7% of total electricity demand in 2020 to a projected 20% by 2030. To satiate this surge, a whopping 800GW of power generation capacity would be needed to cater to the cooling peak demand – more than double India's current energy capacity!

Urban Heat Island Effect

Heat waves in Indian cities are further intensified by the urban heat island effect, increased air pollution, and heat exhaust from traffic and air conditioners. Data shows an alarming trend: India’s average heat index is rising at a rate of +0.56°C per decade, with an even faster increase during the summer months. Delhi, for example, experiences a stark contrast—its urban areas endure an average of 2.3 more heatwave days every summer compared to rural areas.

The Power Struggle

This month has already seen two of the highest peak power demands—233 GW and 229.6 GW—and the Ministry of Power’s solution primarily relies on thermal power stations and importing more coal. While coal keeps the lights on in India, it comes at a heavy human cost apart from the heavy emissions. Coal miners, toiling in underground furnaces, are particularly vulnerable to heatstroke and dehydration during heatwaves.

Breaking the Cycle

Addressing this predicament requires a multi-pronged approach and immediate action from every stakeholder involved in the process. Here are some potential solutions:

  1. Improving Building Energy Efficiency: Promoting energy-efficient buildings designed to be cooler can reduce reliance on air conditioners. This includes better insulation, reflective roofs, and the use of passive cooling techniques. Furthermore, implementing standards and incentives for energy-efficient appliances and power grids can lessen the strain on the system.
  2. Enhancing Green Cover and Urban Planning: Expanding green spaces in urban areas and implementing green roofing can mitigate the urban heat island effect, especially trees that are local to the region and can survive the environmental changes (basically we should avoid "Palm Trees" in Delhi). Urban planning that includes adequate green cover, water bodies, and shaded areas can significantly reduce ambient temperatures.
  3. Adopting Technological Innovations: Utilizing smart grid technology to optimize electricity distribution and manage peak loads efficiently. India is yet to scale up technologies like District Cooling Systems and Heat Pumps but we need to consider these aspects in our planning stages.
  4. Policy and Regulatory Measures: Enforcing stricter emissions regulations and providing incentives for renewable energy projects for all types of building categories as well as developing heat action plans and early warning systems to prepare for and mitigate the impacts of extreme heat events.
  5. Investing in Renewable Energy Sources: Increasing investments in RE sources like solar, wind, and other clean energy sources can reduce dependence on coal and minimize greenhouse gas emissions. Programs like PM Surya Ghar Yojana which promotes decentralized energy solutions, such as rooftop solar panels, will be essential in meeting the local demand and reduce transmission losses.

The vicious cycle of rising temperatures and increasing extreme weather events is a pressing issue that demands immediate and concerted action. By being mindful of our energy consumption and working towards sustainable solutions, we can help break this cycle and ensure a safer, more resilient future for all.

The time to act is now. Our collective efforts can make a difference in mitigating the effects of climate change and safeguarding our environment and future generations!

References:

  1. https://www.ipcc.ch/assessment-report/ar6/
  2. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(05)78823-1/abstract
  3. https://www.theasset.com/article-esg/51399/climate-conundrum-creates-vicious-cycle
  4. https://www.cseindia.org/anatomy-of-a-vicious-cycle-9514
  5. https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/india-heat-wave-climate-change-
  6. 1.6442517 https://www.deccanherald.com/business/indias-workers-are-trapped-in-a-vicious-cycle-of-coal-and-heat-1222037.html
  7. https://www.fortuneindia.com/macro/peak-power-demand-hits-2296-gw-2nd-biggest-high-this-year/116863

Sanskriti Tripathi

BlackRock | AIR 23 - CS | President- Placement and Corporate Relations Committee

10 个月

Its actually important to talk about this as temperatures rise globally, India is experiencing more frequent extreme weather events like heatwaves and droughts. This article sheds light on the urgent need for sustainable solutions to mitigate these impacts. Let's take action now for a more resilient future.

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