Vera Rubin (1928 - 2016)
I'm posting this now, but i will add a lot of more information ASAP.
Vera Rubin found so-called "dark matter".
What we used to think was 100% of our Universe = stars, atoms, light and gravity - - - are only 5% of what's really out there.
Dark Matter is about 28% of the total mass of our Universe.
By measuring the rotational rates of galaxies, Dr. Rubin found that there was invisible - but gravitationally attractive material around - and even imbedded inside - most galaxies.
All in all, dark matter is about six times more abundant as "regular" matter.
I point out that [male] scientists who found so-called "dark energy" did get Nobel Prizes.
Dark Energy exists = it forces galaxies - and, eventually, even atoms - apart.
While weak - even compared to gravity, this force has to be tremendous to literally push the entire Universe apart.
By using the famous E=mc^2, dark matter makes up 67% of our Universe.
How astronomer Vera Rubin shone light on dark matter - and fought sexism
In memory of Vera Rubin, the woman the Nobel Prize forgot
Rubin, who died Sunday, was never recognized for her work on dark matter
BY RACHEL FELTMAN | PUBLISHED DEC 27, 2016
“I live and work under three basic assumptions,” Rubin once wrote. “One: There is no problem in science that can be solved by a man that cannot be solved by a woman. Two: Worldwide, half of all brains are in women. Three: We all need permission to do science, but, for reasons that are deeply ingrained in history, this permission is more often given to men than to women.”
How Vera Rubin confirmed dark matter
This famous astronomer carved herself a well-deserved place in history, so why doesn’t the Nobel committee see it that way?
Vera Rubin - In Memoriam
Renowned astronomer and National Medal of Science awardee Vera Rubin passed away in Princeton, NJ, on the evening of December 25, 2016, at the age of 88.
Vera Rubin provided the first observational evidence that supported of the existence of dark matter—the invisible material that makes up more than 80 percent of the mass of the universe...
Five Things to Know About Boundary-Breaking Astronomer Vera Rubin
Her observations confirmed the theory of dark matter, and her activism helped open science to more women
Decades ago, a little girl looked out her window, peering up at?the stars.?“I would prefer to stay up and watch the stars than sleep,” Vera Rubin recalled?years later. That little girl become an astronomer whose observations of dark matter changed the course of science.?Rubin died on December 25 at age 88, and tributes to the groundbreaking scientist are pouring in...
Despite her confidence, Rubin did encounter sexism throughout her lifetime. Her high school science teacher told?her that as long as she stayed away from science, she’d be fine...
She helped break up a scientific boy’s club
Rubin never shied away from controversy and often used her scientific platform to challenge sexism in the field. One of her targets was the Cosmos Club, an exclusive social club for intellectual luminaries?in Washington, D.C. that, at the time, was open only to men. Rubin fought the club’s exclusive policies for years, and her insistence that women be allowed at meetings held at the club was apparently so infuriating to two members that they descended into “a kicking fight where blood was drawn at the shin.”
She never got her Nobel Prize
Though Rubin was one of the most famous figures in the fields of astronomy and physics,?she never received the highest scientific honor for her work: a Nobel Prize. As astronomer?Emily Levesque told Rachel Feltman for?The Washington Post, the prize was designed to recognize the most important discovery in physics. “If dark matter doesn’t fit that description,” she said, “I don’t know what does.”
How Vera Rubin confirmed dark matter
This famous astronomer carved herself a well-deserved place in history, so why doesn’t the Nobel committee see it that way?
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Vera Rubin (1928–2016)
Observational astronomer who confirmed the existence of dark matter.
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Vera Rubin found a lifetime of wonder in the dark skies
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Vera Florence Cooper Rubin (/?ru?b?n/; July 23, 1928 – December 25, 2016) was an American astronomer who pioneered work on galaxy rotation rates.[1][2] She uncovered the discrepancy between the predicted and observed angular motion of galaxies by studying galactic rotation curves. By identifying the galaxy rotation problem, her work provided evidence for the existence of dark matter.[3] These results were later confirmed over subsequent decades...
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The astronomer missed her Nobel Prize. But she now has a whole new observatory named after her...
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The Life of Astronomer Vera Rubin
256 pp., 5 x 8 in, 3 color illus., 7 b&w illus.
Vera Rubin
Astronomer whose tireless stargazing provided the first confirmation for the existence of dark matter and paved the way for women in science