Uric Acid, Gout, and Osteoarthritis: Understanding Causes, Treatments, and Prevention
Fábio Pivatto
Tecnólogo em Radiologia / Experiência em Gest?o e Supervis?o/ Gradua??o Marketing/
Introduction
Joint diseases affect millions of people worldwide, with elevated uric acid, gout, and osteoarthritis being some of the most common conditions. This article explores the connection between these issues, advances in treatments, the importance of a balanced diet, and how genetics can influence the development of gout.
What is Uric Acid?
Uric acid is a substance naturally produced by the body when it breaks down purines — compounds found in certain foods and drinks, such as red meat, seafood, alcoholic beverages, and fructose-sweetened sodas. Normally, uric acid dissolves in the blood and is eliminated by the kidneys through urine. However, when there is excessive production or insufficient elimination, it can crystallize in the joints, causing inflammation and intense pain.
Gout: The Joint Disease
Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, primarily affecting the big toe but also the ankles, knees, and other areas. Symptoms include sudden and severe pain, swelling, redness, and heat in the affected joint.
Is Gout Genetic?
Yes, genetic predisposition plays a significant role. Studies show that individuals with a family history of gout are more likely to develop the disease. In addition to genetics, other risk factors include obesity, hypertension, excessive alcohol consumption, and kidney disease.
The Role of Stress and Physical Activity
Stress is a factor that can contribute to elevated uric acid levels since cortisol — known as the stress hormone — affects metabolic processes, including the body's retention of uric acid. Frequent stress episodes can trigger or worsen gout attacks.
Moreover, physical exercise should be balanced. Light to moderate exercise helps improve circulation and eliminate toxins, including uric acid, but caution is needed with hypertrophy exercises (intense weight training). Since gout involves an inflammatory process, overly intense exercises can increase joint inflammation and precipitate an attack. Therefore, medical or physiotherapeutic guidance is recommended to design a safe workout plan.
Osteoarthritis: Joint Degeneration
Osteoarthritis, also known as degenerative joint disease, is a chronic condition characterized by the progressive breakdown of cartilage that cushions the ends of bones, causing pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility. Although not directly linked to uric acid, chronic inflammation caused by gout can accelerate joint wear and contribute to osteoarthritis.
The Role of Radiology in Diagnosis
Radiology plays a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring gout and osteoarthritis. Imaging tests help identify early signs and track disease progression.
Relevant Radiological Exams:
Radiological Specialties:
The combination of these tests provides a comprehensive view of joint conditions, enabling more effective and personalized treatments.
Advances in Treatments
For Gout:
For Osteoarthritis:
Nutrition and Balanced Diet
Proper nutrition is essential to control uric acid and prevent gout attacks. The following is recommended:
Foods to avoid:
Recommended foods:
A diet rich in fiber and low in glycemic index supports healthy weight loss, easing the load on joints.
Conclusion
Understanding the causes and risk factors of elevated uric acid, gout, and osteoarthritis is key to adopting preventive measures and seeking effective treatments. Combining modern therapies, lifestyle changes, and a balanced diet can significantly improve patients' quality of life. Radiology, through advanced imaging tests, plays a vital role in early diagnosis and disease monitoring. For those with a family history of gout, regular medical follow-up is crucial.