Upholding Integrity in Iraqi Academia: Addressing Harassment Through Human Rights and the Rule of Law

Academic Harassment": Sex for Success Embarrasses Members of Scientific Institutions in Iraq

The phenomenon of professors and teachers harassing their female students has become a major threat to the educational process in Iraq. It is considered one of the most serious ethical and legal violations, undermining the educational environment, which should be a safe space. Specialists assert that the impact of harassment in educational institutions extends beyond the victims, affecting the entire educational process by creating an atmosphere of fear and insecurity. This environment threatens students' concentration, motivation, and academic performance.

### Strange Behaviors

Some behaviors that are unfamiliar to Iraqi society have begun to surface, affecting both the general society and the academic community. This is known as the "phenomenon of academic harassment," which is not new but has expanded and gained public attention through social media. Key factors contributing to this issue include:

1. Academic Challenges: Many female students have low academic performance, making them vulnerable to unethical propositions by unscrupulous individuals.

2. Economic Factors: Insufficient financial support for some female students may push them towards undesirable paths.

3. Influence of Social Media: The widespread use of social media and exposure to certain content can influence young people to imitate inappropriate behaviors.

Additionally, universities are increasingly populated by professors who may not be adequately qualified, both academically and morally, to fulfill their roles as educators. If these issues persist, the situation could deteriorate further.

Psychological Dimensions

A psychology specialist highlights that harassment cases among Iraqi academics often involve unacceptable behaviors by professors or administrative staff towards female students, sometimes involving blackmail for sexual favors. The professor's role as a societal elite is compromised when such incidents occur. These cases often involve both parties—the student and the professor—who may contribute to the situation due to personal or environmental factors.

The motivations behind these immoral acts may stem from poor upbringing or a lack of values among both students and professors. Addressing these issues requires reinforcing both legal and educational pillars to ensure societal progress.

### Treatment and Solutions

To address academic harassment, several measures should be implemented:

1. Strict Supervision: Continuous oversight of both students and professors is necessary, with regulations tailored to specific educational contexts.

2. Behavioral Guidelines: Establish clear guidelines regarding appropriate behavior, including dress codes and conduct.

3. Training Programs: Introduce courses for new professors to instill ethical teaching practices.

4. Accountability: Apply consistent disciplinary actions to deter misconduct.

Deterrent Penalties

The legal framework addresses academic harassment with penalties outlined in the Penal Code. Article 400 stipulates up to one year of imprisonment for acts violating modesty, while Article 402 prescribes up to three months for breaches of public morals. Additionally, administrative penalties include job suspension during investigations and dismissal if guilt is established.

This year, Iraqi universities reported three cases of harassment involving female students. The judiciary has issued deterrent penalties against two offenders, with investigations ongoing in the third case.

Human Rights Perspective

1. Right to Education: Every student has the right to access education in a safe and supportive environment. Harassment undermines this right by creating an atmosphere of fear and insecurity, which can hinder academic performance and personal development.

2. Right to Dignity and Safety: Students have the right to be treated with dignity and respect. Harassment violates these fundamental rights, necessitating robust measures to protect students and ensure their well-being.

Rule of Law Perspective

1. Legal Protections: Strengthening legal frameworks to protect students from harassment is essential. This includes enforcing existing laws and developing new policies that specifically address academic harassment.

2. Accountability and Justice: Ensuring that perpetrators of harassment are held accountable through transparent legal processes is crucial. This fosters trust in the educational system and reinforces the importance of upholding ethical standards.

Suggested Solutions

1. Policy Development: Develop comprehensive anti-harassment policies within educational institutions that clearly define unacceptable behaviors and outline procedures for reporting and addressing complaints.

2. Awareness and Training: Implement awareness campaigns and training programs for students, faculty, and staff to educate them about their rights, the importance of maintaining a respectful environment, and the procedures for reporting harassment.

3. Support Systems: Establish support systems for victims of harassment, including counseling services and safe reporting mechanisms. Ensure that students feel supported and protected when coming forward with complaints.

4. Strengthen Oversight: Create independent oversight bodies within educational institutions to monitor compliance with anti-harassment policies and ensure that incidents are handled appropriately.

5. Enhance Legal Frameworks: Work with lawmakers to enhance legal protections against harassment, ensuring that penalties are sufficient to deter such behavior and that victims have access to justice.

6. Cultural Change: Promote a cultural shift within academic institutions that prioritizes respect, equality, and integrity. Encourage open dialogue about harassment and its impact on individuals and the community.

By integrating HR and ROL perspectives, these solutions aim to create a safer and more equitable educational environment in Iraq.