What are the most common code issues that can be fixed with refactoring?

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Refactoring is the process of improving the design, structure, and readability of your code without changing its functionality or behavior. It can help you fix common code issues that affect the performance, maintainability, and quality of your application. In this article, you will learn about some of the most common code issues that can be fixed with refactoring and how to apply some best practices and techniques to improve your code.

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Bhushit Anjaria

agile | project management | capital market| c++ | golang | redis | solace | kafka |
ASHWINI L.

1 Duplicated code

Duplicated code is one of the most frequent and harmful code issues that can lead to bugs, inconsistencies, and increased complexity. It occurs when you have the same or similar code blocks in different parts of your application, such as in different methods, classes, or modules. To fix this issue, you should apply the extract method technique, which involves creating a new method that contains the duplicated code and replacing the original code blocks with calls to the new method. This way, you can reduce the code size, avoid repetition, and make your code more reusable and easier to modify.

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Rémy Wehrung
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Le code dupliqué est un problème courant causant des bugs et de la complexité. Pour le résoudre, utilisez la méthode d'extraction en créant des méthodes pour remplacer les blocs de code répétés, favorisant la réutilisabilité et la facilité de modification.

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ASHWINI L.
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In my experience, the duplicate code arises when the development team is not aligned. The design needs to be clear . The reusable components can be added as a library and can be used across applications/projects to avoid duplicates - example for common frameworks like logging, error handling etc can be in a common module. Ways to avoid this : 1. brain storm cross functional dev teams 2. use of SONAR / checkstyle built in IDE quality tools 3. effective code reviews 4. use of Github copilots 5. writing modular code.

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2 Long methods

Long methods are another common code issue that can make your code hard to read, understand, and test. They usually contain too many responsibilities, conditions, loops, or variables that make them complex and difficult to follow. To fix this issue, you should apply the split method technique, which involves breaking down a long method into smaller methods that have a single responsibility and a clear name. This way, you can improve the readability, maintainability, and testability of your code and make it more modular and cohesive.

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Rémy Wehrung
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Les méthodes longues rendent le code complexe et difficile à lire. Utilisez la méthode fractionnée pour diviser les grandes méthodes en plus petites, améliorant ainsi la lisibilité, la maintenabilité et la testabilité du code.

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3 Conditional complexity

Conditional complexity is a code issue that occurs when you have too many nested or chained if-else statements, switch cases, or logical operators that make your code convoluted and prone to errors. It can affect the performance, readability, and quality of your code and make it hard to debug and extend. To fix this issue, you should apply the replace conditional with polymorphism technique, which involves using inheritance and polymorphism to create subclasses that implement different behaviors based on different conditions. This way, you can eliminate the conditional logic, simplify your code, and make it more flexible and scalable.

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Rémy Wehrung
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La complexité conditionnelle rend le code alambiqué et sujet aux erreurs. Utilisez le remplacement conditionnel par polymorphisme pour simplifier le code en utilisant l'héritage et le polymorphisme, améliorant sa flexibilité et sa maintenabilité.

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4 Primitive obsession

Primitive obsession is a code issue that occurs when you use primitive data types, such as integers, strings, or booleans, to represent complex concepts or entities in your application, such as currencies, addresses, or phone numbers. This can lead to poor data validation, low cohesion, and high coupling in your code and make it hard to enforce business rules and logic. To fix this issue, you should apply the introduce value object technique, which involves creating a new class that encapsulates the primitive data type and its related attributes and behaviors. This way, you can improve the data integrity, readability, and reusability of your code and make it more expressive and meaningful.

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5 Large classes

Large classes are a code issue that occurs when you have a class that has too many fields, methods, or dependencies that make it responsible for too many things. This can violate the single responsibility principle, which states that a class should have only one reason to change. It can also affect the performance, readability, and testability of your code and make it hard to maintain and extend. To fix this issue, you should apply the extract class technique, which involves creating a new class that takes over some of the responsibilities and fields of the original class and delegating the calls to the new class. This way, you can reduce the size, complexity, and coupling of your class and make it more cohesive and modular.

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ASHWINI L.
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It is recommended to write simple modular classes . Create interfaces and implement them in the way required to meet the functionality. Good to follow concept of inheritance for OO Languages. Follow SOLID principles , it helps unit testing of particular class well , thus helping in code quality and coverage also. Static analysis tools built into the IDE helps identify to break complex classes to simple classes. Lose coupling will help better debug the application .

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Bhushit Anjaria

agile | project management | capital market| c++ | golang | redis | solace | kafka |
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As code understanding is improved by refactoring a code, it may give insight on long pending bugs or requirements . It also give some insight on making product architecture more simpler and help in taking correct architectural decisions. Reduced code complexity is among few of the code refactoring benefits. Code refactoring may make your code more simpler and cleaner. It may help to reduce duplicate code and make code moduler.

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What are the most common code issues that can be fixed with refactoring?

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1 Duplicated code

2 Long methods

3 Conditional complexity

4 Primitive obsession

5 Large classes

6 Here’s what else to consider

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