Understanding Teflon Flu: What You Need to Know

In recent times, reports about "Teflon flu" or polymer fume fever have been making headlines, especially with a noticeable increase in reported cases throughout 2023. With over 267 cases reported in the US, it's crucial to understand what polymer fume fever is, how it occurs, and what steps you can take to mitigate the risks associated with this condition.

What is Teflon Flu?

Polymer fume fever is a flu-like illness that arises from inhaling the fumes produced when fluoropolymers, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), are overheated. PTFE is widely known for its use in nonstick cookware under the brand name Teflon?. The illness was first identified in 1951 among workers exposed to fluorocarbon degradation products in industrial settings. Today, most cases occur in domestic environments when nonstick pans are accidentally overheated.

The Science Behind PTFE and Its Decomposition

PTFE was accidentally discovered in 1938 by DuPont researchers. Its properties—non-reactive, hydrophobic, and low-friction at room temperature—have led to widespread applications, from kitchenware to medical devices. Despite its stability, PTFE can release harmful fumes when heated above 260°C, with significant health effects manifesting at temperatures above 350°C.

When overheated, PTFE and similar fluoropolymers decompose, releasing fluorocarbon byproducts. It is believed that these byproducts trigger the activation of neutrophils, leading to an inflammatory response that results in the symptoms of polymer fume fever.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The symptoms of polymer fume fever are akin to those of a mild flu, including fever, malaise, muscle aches, difficulty breathing, chest tightness, a dry cough, and headache. These symptoms typically appear within 12 to 24 hours after exposure to the fumes. A confirmed diagnosis requires evidence of recent exposure to fluorocarbon degradation products, often due to the overheating of PTFE-coated cookware.

Treatment and Recovery

Fortunately, polymer fume fever is generally mild and self-limiting. Most individuals experience peak symptoms within 24 hours and start to recover within 48 hours, with full recovery expected in five to ten days. Treatment focuses on alleviating symptoms: antipyretics like acetaminophen can manage fever, while inhaled beta-agonists or glucocorticoids can address bronchospasm. In cases of hypoxia, supplemental oxygen may be necessary.

Preventative Measures

While polymer fume fever typically resolves without long-term harm, prevention remains key. Here are some safety tips to avoid exposure:

• Monitor Cooking Temperatures: Avoid heating nonstick pans above 260°C, particularly when dry. Always use oil or water to create a buffer and prevent overheating.?
• Consider Alternative Cookware: Materials like enameled cast iron or stainless steel do not pose a vapor hazard when overheated, making them safer options for high-heat cooking.
• Avoid Unattended Cooking: Never leave nonstick cookware unattended on the stove to prevent accidental overheating.
• Ensure Proper Ventilation: Use exhaust fans or open windows to disperse any fumes that may occur during cooking.

Conclusion

Teflon flu, or polymer fume fever, underscores the importance of understanding and managing the risks associated with common household items like nonstick cookware. By staying informed and adopting preventative measures, you can significantly reduce the chances of exposure and protect yourself and your loved ones from this uncommon but uncomfortable condition. Stay safe, cook responsibly, and ensure your kitchen remains a place of health and comfort.

Reference

Correia MS, Horowitz BZ. Polymer Fume Fever. [Updated 2023 Aug 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK594276/