Understanding Ramadan: A Guide for Those Unfamiliar with the Holy Month

Ramadan is the holiest month in Islam, observed by Muslims around the world as a time of fasting, prayer, self-reflection, and community. It is considered a period of spiritual renewal, where Muslims seek to strengthen their faith and grow closer to God.

Why Does Ramadan Change Every Year?

Ramadan follows the Islamic lunar calendar, which is based on the phases of the moon. Unlike the Gregorian calendar (which follows the sun), the lunar calendar is about 11 days shorter each year. This means that Ramadan moves earlier each year, cycling through different seasons over time.

The Principles of Ramadan

• Fasting (Sawm): From dawn to sunset, Muslims abstain from food, drink, smoking, and marital relations as an act of worship and discipline.
• Prayer (Salat): Muslims pray five times a day, with extra emphasis on night prayers known as Taraweeh, performed at the mosque.
• Charity (Zakat and Sadaqah): Giving to the less fortunate is essential. Many donate money, food, or clothing to help those in need.
• Self-discipline and Reflection: Ramadan is a time to avoid negative behavior (such as gossiping or arguing) and to focus on personal growth and kindness.

The Daily Routine During Ramadan

1. Suhoor (Pre-Dawn Meal): Before sunrise, Muslims eat a meal called Suhoor to give them energy for the day ahead.
2. Fasting Period: From sunrise to sunset, no food or drink is consumed. Muslims continue with their daily activities but also take time for extra prayer and reflection.
3. Iftar (Breaking the Fast): At sunset, the fast is broken with a meal called Iftar, traditionally beginning with dates and water, followed by a full meal. Families and friends often gather to share this special time.

The End of Ramadan: Celebrating Eid al-Fitr

After 29 or 30 days of fasting, Ramadan ends with Eid al-Fitr, a joyous celebration marking the beginning of the next lunar month. Eid traditions include:

• A special morning prayer at the mosque
• Feasting with family and friends
• Giving to charity so that the poor can also celebrate
• Exchanging gifts and wearing new clothes

Ramadan is not just about fasting—it is a time of spiritual growth, self-discipline, and kindness. It reminds Muslims to appreciate their blessings, help those in need, and strengthen their connection with God.

NOTE

If you are traveling to a country where Ramadan is observed, please be mindful and respectful of the local customs. During this holy month, Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset, refraining from food and drink. Out of courtesy, try to avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in public where those who are fasting may be present.

Additionally, be aware that in many places—especially in Egypt—monuments, museums, and businesses may close earlier than usual to allow employees time to return home for Iftar, the evening meal that breaks the fast.

Above all, conduct yourself with kindness and respect for those observing Ramadan. A little awareness and consideration go a long way in honoring this important time.