Understanding in-kind donations
by Michael A. Staton, CPA, managing director, Alerding CPA Group
In-kind donations have been part of the nonprofit world for a long time. Galas have silent auctions that require a significant number of items to be contributed for their donors to bid on and generate contributions for the organization to fund its nonprofit mission.
Items are needed to perform the services nonprofits offer to benefactors and perform day-to-day tasks. Examples of such donations can include a box truck to deliver food, clothing, or kitchen equipment used in food preparation to serve to the homeless. The list goes on and on of the many types of items that nonprofits receive on a daily basis from generous donors.
Any non-cash item that a nonprofit receives from a donor is considered an “in-kind” donation and carries its own specific measurement and reporting requirements. In-kind contributions are categorized into two main classifications under U.S. GAAP. They are classified as either in-kind “goods” or in-kind “services.” In-kind goods or services should be valued and recorded in your general ledger based on fair market value.
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Fair market value is the price you would have paid for the goods or services if you would have had to go out and purchase the items. Remember, the general rule for donated services is still that you only record the cost of the service if you would have “purchased the service if they had not been donated.” Most volunteer hours are still not considered in-kind donations of services; only those that are specialized.
In September 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2020-07 on Topic 958. The new ASU addresses?Presentation and Disclosures by Not-for-Profit Entities for Contributed Nonfinancial Assets. The new ASU was not aimed at changing how we recognize the In-kind contributions, but rather on providing transparency on the disclosure of the donations to the readers of the organization’s financial statements.