Understanding the Dangers of Static Electricity in Hazardous Areas

Introduction

In hazardous areas, where flammable gases, vapours, and combustible dusts are present, managing static electricity is critical to ensuring safety. Static electricity can accumulate on surfaces and discharge unexpectedly, creating a potential ignition source that could cause explosions or fires. Specializing in hazardous areas, I understand how vital it is for businesses working in and around hazardous areas to be aware of and control static electricity risks. This begins during site design, operation, and maintenance.

What Is Static Electricity?

Static electricity, while often misunderstood, is essentially electrical energy that remains trapped in one location. Unlike the electrical current that flows in a circuit to power devices like computers or lighting, static electricity doesn’t have a path to return to its source. Instead, it accumulates on surfaces, including industrial equipment such as road tankers and bulk containers.

Static electricity generates when two different materials rub together, resulting in the transfer of electrons from one to the other. In industrial settings, static can build up during everyday activities such as material handling, equipment operation, or the movement of personnel.

In everyday situations, static electricity may seem harmless or simply an annoyance. However, in industries that handle hazardous materials, it can quickly turn dangerous. Static discharge has been responsible for igniting a wide range of processes, making it just as hazardous as sparks from mechanical or electrical failures. Despite its potential for harm, static electricity is often overlooked, either due to a lack of understanding or simple complacency, which can lead to serious safety risks.

There are two essential Australian documents that offer in-depth guidance on managing static electricity risks: AS/NZS 1020:2023 and SA TS 60079.32.1:2022.

Key Standards for Managing Static Electricity

AS/NZS 1020:2023 - Control of Undesirable Static Electricity

This standard sets out a methodology for addressing the risks associated with static electricity. This includes guidance on risk assessment, determination of suitable control measures, specification and implementation of controls, and maintenance and repair. When your site is addressing static electricity, this standard will guide engineers to develop Static Electricity Assessment Reports and Static Electricity Control Plans. However, when dealing with flammable gases, vapours, and combustible dusts, this standard will not be enough. AS/NZS 1020 does not address the control of static electricity for the purpose of preventing ignition of an explosive atmosphere. For this, you need to reference the technical specification SA TS 60079.32.1.

SA TS 60079.32.1:2022 - Electrostatic Hazards in Hazardous Areas

SA TS 60079.32.1 focuses specifically on electrostatic hazards in explosive atmospheres. It offers detailed advice on identifying static hazards and implementing effective control measures in areas classified under hazardous area zoning regulations. This technical specification emphasizes safe practices for handling potentially static-generating materials like powders, liquids, and gases. Grounding, bonding, and the correct use of personal protective equipment (PPE) are vital considerations in line with this standard.

Practical Considerations for Your Business

1. Site Design - In the design phase, ensure that all equipment, piping, and tanks in hazardous areas are properly grounded to dissipate static charges. Using antistatic materials and coatings for flooring, work surfaces, and clothing can further reduce static build-up. Designing for adequate humidity control also helps mitigate the risk of static electricity.
2. Operation - Train employees to recognize static risks and implement safe operating procedures. Regularly inspect grounding connections, ensure proper bonding between equipment, and use antistatic mats and footwear in hazardous areas to prevent static build-up from personnel movement.
3. Maintenance - Scheduled maintenance checks are crucial. Inspect grounding systems, test bonding connections, and replace any worn-out antistatic equipment or personal protective gear. Regularly review and update your risk assessments to ensure they reflect the latest standards and site conditions.

Staying Compliant and Safe

Both AS/NZS 1020:2023 and SA TS 60079.32.1:2022 are indispensable in helping businesses reduce the risks associated with static electricity. By integrating the requirements and recommendations from these standards into site design, operations, and maintenance routines, your business can significantly lower the likelihood of static-related incidents, safeguarding people, property, and production.

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